| The publication industry in Chengdu(PICD) was an industry not only with a long history but also with an immense influence. With ancient documents on the ground and the underground antiques, it can be proved that Chengdu Was one of the headstreams where the Chinese engraving printing technique was invented. In the late 8 century (also the early stage of Tang Dynasty), people invented the printing technique in the long practice due to the printing of the sutras and the calendars. Thereafter, some local regimes in the south west of China spared no efforts to popularize the important technique and printed many classic works and collections so that the city of Chengdu became famous for the printing centre. Moreover, the printing technique was accepted by the court and was diffused throughout the country. Until the Northern and Southern Song Dynasty, the government made a series of famous engraving printing activities, which the printing industry in Chengdu reached the highest level and was in fashion for a period. Therefore, "Shu Ben" became a famous symbol of the classic books in ancient China. In Song dynasty, not only"Guan Ke" (engraved by the government),but also "Fang Ke" (engraved by the organizational factories) and "Si Ke" (engraved by famous persons) were all prosperous for a period of time. What's more, a number of books with great value to the edition were printed. The PICD was once stagnated in Yuan Dynasty. Not until the end of Ming Dynasty and the early stage of Qing Dynasty did it grow up again. Because of the increasing communication to other provinces and introduction of the printing techniques, the PICD developed swiftly. With the impact of the modernization, the guilds began to come into existence.In this thesis, the author think the development of the PICD relates to many factors, such as the increasing population in ChengDu, supporting of the government,development of the education, setting up of libraries, propaganda of the Anti-Japanese War, governmental business and so on. Thus, the PICD is divided into four phases in the academic research. They are named respectively as the follows: the period of gestation(from 1912 to 1925), the period of development(from 1925 to 1937), the period of flourish(from 1937 to 1945), and the period of decline(from 1945 to 1949). In the study, four sorts enterprise of the publication industry are classified, including "Mu Shu" industry, publishing enterprises,printing enterprises, issuing enterprises, and the four sorts are studied respectively in the essay. Because its a traditional and handy one, "Mu Shu" industry held a comparative market shares till the Kuomintang's reign. Nevertheless, it's an industry with small amount of capital and scal. At that time, the PICD developed so rapidly that it surpassed many other formers, and shared with the same enterprises in Chong qing and Gui lin. Compared with those of Chongqing, whether the capital or the scale, most of the enterprises of the PICD were small. Though the printing enterprises in Chengdu developed a little, it also reached a certain extent, which had almost all kinds of printing techniques, such as the lithography, letterpress printing, offset printing and so forth. The PICD was at the top of the ladder for a period. Because there was no objective quality standard and the workers' salary was too low, the PICD had also developed a little, and was inferior to Chongqing during the Anti-Japanese War. The management of the PICD was in-and-out in that periodAs for the management of the PICD during the Kuomintang's government, each had its strong point. At that time, The output of the books printed by "Mu Shu" industry was in a large scale in Sichuan province. Most of the books were the classic sutras, especially the works written by Liao Ping and Liu Xianxin whose books were with local features. Some of them were the children's textbooks, medicine books, agriculture books, word books, almanacs, play books and fetish books. The management of the PICD was modern and its main body was the limited co-operations. Because of the various advantages, this kind of managing ways was beneficial to the development of economy during that period of time. The publication enterprises in Chendu paid much attention to their copyright. The output of the first three was the books related to the education, politics and literature. The Ltd. Co-operation also played an important role in the printing enterprises in Chengdu. Usually, these enterprises accepted extra printing tasks. In order to avoid the unreasonable competitions, they pitched on need to sign the contracts which promised definitely the sorts of prices and means for buying the material and the procedure of delivering goods. The printing companies often fought each other so that their own profits were higher. Most of the issuing enterprises belonged to the private investment. Especially the deal in the old books were the most outstanding one among them. Generally, the flourishing new book issuing industries were centralized in the Citang street in Chengdu, and their modes of the management was of agility and multiplicity.The PICD were composed of two autonomous organizations. One was board of trade, including the Mu Shu Ye guild, the publishing industry guild and the guild of the education things industry. These guilds were set up according to the related laws and under supervision of the local government. They often had relative self-contain rules, including the rules about members' initiation and coming out of the guilds, the rule related to the clerk's democratically voting, democratic decision-making, the outlay management and so on. These mentioned above ensure the criterion, publicity and democracy of the guilds. The guilds had an important influence on protecting the profit of their own industries. The guilds of publication industry in Chengdu were built on the basis of relative laws and various types of work, and their management was orderly. The printing guilds consisted of the following six types: they were the and casting guild, the lithography guild, the tape-setting guild, the letter guild and so on. In order to be managed easily, the guilds was combined to the Chengdu Printing Industry Labor Union. It had protected the workers'profits and negotiated with the owners of enterprises many times for raising the payment of the workers, so that the lowest the workers' living condition was guaranteed.The supervise organization of the publication industry was various. The people in the army managed the publication industry before the Anti-Japanese War. Three army-unit-office made of Liu WenXui's 24th army corps, Deng Xihong's 28th army corps and Tian Songyao's 29th army corps give orders which forbid the books of the CCP and other radical ones. And then, the government delivered the order to the police office and social affairs office to enforce. After the Anti-Japanese broke out, civil government set up "Sichuan province book and magazine supervision committee"and "Sichuan province book and magazine supervision department". The organizations also supervised the publication industry in the meanwhile and enforced it effectively. The management of business included manuscript supervision, supervision after books'publishing, examining bookstores, drama supervision and so on. In the course of this, the organization would confiscate the books violating a ban and just shut the door of the bookstore and arrest some of the clerks. The organization would bowdlerize and burke the manuscript when they found that there were some "misgivings" in it. The order of the management is to restrict the CCP's influence and prevent the diffusion of the CCP. The result of the management was to suppress the thought and restrict the democracy of publication. After the Anti-Japanese War, the supervision rules were abolished and the supervision organizations were also taken away. Nevertheless, the Chengdu city the Group of putting down the retroactive books in the city of Chengdu during the special time was set up. This group continued the supervision of the books and magazines.
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