Study On Routing Intelligent Fault-tolerant Mechanism Of Wireless Sensor Networks Based On Biological Co-Evolution

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of a large amount of inexpensive, miniature sensor nodes which are deployed in monitoring region, forming a self-organized multi-hop network system. The features of easy deployment, self-adaptive and low cost enable WSNs to conduct many applications, such as precision agriculture, environment surveillance and remote medicine. However, there are often some faults happened, such as node failure, wireless link breakage, which is because the massive nodes in WSNs are energy constrained and usually deployed in harsh environments. As the feature of energy restriction and others have been rarely considered in recent years, the tranditional routing fault-tolerant protocols based on redundancy are difficult to efficiently achieve in WSNs. Designing efficient fault tolerant technology which can ensure the robustness of data transmission, prolong the network lifetime and improve its performance has been a critical issue on WSNs research.In this study, the fault-tolerant routing problem of WSNs is focused, based on the superior features of biological co-evolution intelligent algorithm, and considering the energy balance mechanisms in process of routing optimization. The fault-tolerant mechanism of heterogeneous nodes and mobile sink nodes is studied by building routing models, and applying in the route optimization of complex computation applications in WSNs. This paper focuses on analyzing the fault-tolerant routing technology of clustering and mobile sink structure, and the main contributions of the paper are as follows:(1) Based on heterogeneous WSNs and path coding, the intra-cluster fault-tolerant routing model and node fault model are proposed for the path recovery problem after intra-cluster routing failure. With immune co-evolution particle swarm algorithm and multi-path routing method, we build the intra-cluster routing intelligent fault-tolerant mechanism to make the path searching concentrating on high-quality solution within the search space and improving the algorithm efficiency and responsiveness. The simulation results have shown its efficiency and fault-tolerant cability of intra-cluster data transmission comparing with the classical clustering protocols(2) The inter-cluster fault-tolerant routing problem of heterogeneous WSNs is further analyzed. We build the inter-cluster route, use the master-slave co-evolution immune particle swarm algorithm to investigate the optimal alternative routing strategies, and solve the problem with path coding, master-slave swarm updating, cloning, high-frequency mutation, clonal selection and other operations, which can improve the overall fault tolerant ability and reliability of inter-cluster and intra-cluster data transmission. Finally, theoretical analysis of the algorithm was verified through experiments.(3) Some existing routing protocols of mobile sink WSNs are not suitable for the problem of topology frequent change, due to their complex computing and high communication cost. We adopt a single mobile sink WSNs routing recovery model, and use the immune orthogonal learning particle swarm algorithm to repair the routing topology changed by the sink movement. The method can also reduce the communication overhead and network energy consumption of single mobile sink WSNs. Experiments show that SMS-WSNs have a more balanced energy distribution, and the improved fault tolerant performance using this strategy.(4) We further analyze the fault-tolerant routing of multiple mobile sink WSNs and design the routing model, considering both the characteristic of multiple sink mobility and network node failure problem. Then we use the endocrine co-evolution particle swarm algorithm to build the efficient and reliable alternative path, and solve the problem with path coding, hormone group selection, swarm co-evolution updating and other operations. The simulation results have also validated that the strategy can improve the robustness of data stream transmission, distribute the network energy consumption, and prolong the network lifetime.At the end, we summarize the content, advantage and deficiency of the paper, and narrate further development of the study.