Research On Hierarchical Routing Protocol For Fault Tolerance Of Mobile Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network can be divided into Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSN) and Static Wireless Sensor Network based on the mobility of nodes. Predecessors have done quite a lot of research and application on the tradition static sensor network. However the relevant research of mobile sensor networks is little. In recent years, the tradition routing protocol for static sensor network become more and more unsuitable to mobile application scenarios, the mobile sensor networks cause the attention of people. In the routing protocol for mobile sensor networks, the focus of the study is the change of the network topology caused by node mobility.Mobile sensor network is proposed in order to meet the application of the moving scene. Some real applications impose combined environments of fixed and mobile sensor nodes in the same network while others demand a complete mobile sensors environment such as wildlife monitoring, battlefield surveillance. Designing energy efficient and reliable routing protocols for mobility centric wireless sensor networks applications is a great challenge due to the frequent change of the network topology. Compared with the planar routing protocol, hierarchical network structure has much scalability. This suits to the characteristic of MWSN, so clustering method is usually used to design the routing protocol of MWSN. Based on the nodes in application are all mobility, hierarchical mobile sensor network can be divided into Mixed Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MMWSN) and Completed Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (CMWSN) in order to adapt to the specific application scenario. There are fixed cluster heads and mobile member nodes in MMWSN protocol while cluster heads and member nodes are all mobile in CMWSN protocol. In this paper, we use clustering method to design energy efficient and fault tolerant Clustering protocol for MWSN (EFTCP-M) which supports the completed mobile wireless sensor networks. In this protocol, it not only can detect those failure nodes including cluster heads and member nodes but also can quickly achieve fault tolerance for the failure cluster heads so that it can avoid the data loss in the greatly amount. Moreover, in some cases, the frequency of member nodes is different in the steady phase, in order to improve the efficient of message transmission CHs dynamically allocate number of timeslots to member nodes. However these protocols include EFTCP-M ignore the limited communication of sensor nodes, the communication distance between nodes is one-hop. Base on EFTCP-M protocol, we propose an enhanced fault tolerant clustering protocol for MWSN which can support multi-hop transmission (EFTCP-MM). It provides fault tolerant measures to transmission path failure and each cluster maintains the frequent change of the network topology under the multi-hop condition.