A Study On Knowledge Management Of Topic-Map-based E-government Portal

E-government portal is the key to offering unified external services by government and the integrating of government's information resources, and its development level has become the essential criteria of measuring the progress of a nation's E-government. It is the core issue of E-government to figure out how to manage, utilize and share the government information resources on the E-government portal platform and offer one-stop service of high quality to users. There are still some problems in most of the E-government web portals in China, such as the lack of ability to offer services, poor interactivity, functional insufficiency, low level of personalized services, scattered information resources and the absence of necessary classification and integration.The main cause of the problems above is the insufficiency of organization and integration of government information resources. Setting up knowledge portal for government by utilizing the thought of knowledge management is an effective way to solve these problems.Topic Map is a newly developing method of organizing and managing digital knowledge. Known as the bridge between information management and knowledge management and also the GPS position indicator in information world, Topic Map is able to offer ocular navigation of information resources.Theoretical study and application study are combined in the research of this essay. Directed by the theories and methods of Information Science, Knowledge Management, Knowledge Engineering, Information Architecture, Administrative Management and Psychology, integrated with the thought of knowledge management, the theory and method of government knowledge portal management, which is based on the technology of Topic Map, is presented. A prototype system of E-government knowledge portal based Topic Map is designed to make reasonable classification, organization, storage and integration of government information resources, which can contribute to offering more personalized digital public services and promoting the utilization rates of government information and the effectiveness of knowledge management.This essay falls into eight chapters, the major contents are as follow:Chapter One is an introduction to this essay. The subject of the study is presented and significance of the subject is illustrated by reviewing the Topic Map technology, the construction of government portal and knowledge management at home and abroad. Furthermore, the objective and research method of the study is proposed, and the difficulty and the key to the study are raised as a whole.The theories in literatures relevant to knowledge management are reviewed at first in Chapter Two, and different opinions of scholars from China and abroad on knowledge management are illustrated and analyzed. The author of this essay presents the understanding of his own on knowledge management and elaborates its process, features, contents and goal. The function of knowledge management displayed in E-government and the importance of government knowledge management are stated. The cause, types and negative effects of knowledge gap in E-government are pointed out, and it comes up with the solution—the process of government knowledge management based on knowledge chain. Four vital steps in knowledge chain of government knowledge management are discussed and developed:knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing, knowledge storage and knowledge application. The definition of knowledge management system is investigated at the end of this chapter: the relations and the differences between information management system and knowledge management system made on the basis of analysis on the two systems. Moreover, based on the research of government knowledge management tools the construction of government knowledge management system is discussed.Chapter Three does the research on the technical basis of the whole essay--Topic Map and ontology. By reviewing the fundamental theory research on Topic Map at China and abroad and discussing the definition of Topic Map, three essential factors of TAO are discussed and the structure mode and grammar standard of Topic Map are presented. Meanwhile, the comparing between Topic Map and traditional knowledge management methods attributes to illustrating that Topic Map is well evolved method from these traditional ones. In the introduction of the technology of Topic Map, this essay creatively does the research on the technology of automatic generating and combining technology of Topic Map, and explores the application prospect of utilizing Topic Map in government knowledge management. Secondly, the concepts and classification of ontology are presented, Topic Map and ontology are compared with, and various methods of constructing ontology are introduced. Further, the developed method of "the seven-step construction of government knowledge ontology based on the top body" is proposed, and the ontology constructing tool Protege is introduced. Finally in this chapter, it is inventively proposed that OWL government knowledge management. Government management system on the basis of OWL is investigated, and the problem, which is confronted in the following chapters, of storing government knowledge ontology in large-scale is technically solved. At the last part of this chapter, the constructing process of the government portal of Bergen, the second biggest city in Norway, is analyzed in detail in order to demonstrate the application of OKS, Topic Map and ontology in government portal.The research on government knowledge portal is run based on knowledge management in the fourth chapter. First of all, the theories related to government knowledge portal are discussed through the reviewing of the history of government knowledge portal's development. Afterwards, the specific functions and influences of government knowledge portal are discussed, like the integration of government information resources and the reorganization of the government process by the government knowledge portal. Finally, by the point of the construction of government knowledge, the supporting functions of government knowledge map in government knowledge portal is investigated and the idea of using XTM to construct government knowledge map is initiatively proposed, the detailed constructing steps and models are presented.It is discussed in Chapter Five how to construct an evaluation system for the knowledge management in government web portal. From the start of reviewing the evaluation systems of government web portals, the evaluation systems of government web portals and the academic research in this field in China and abroad are introduced. Then, the empirical study on the government portals of the main domestic cities and parts of the developed countries is carried on. On the basis of case study, the knowledge-chain-based evaluation system on government portal is constructed. The basis of the evaluation system construction is illustrated in the aspects of construction method and principles. The indicator weight is determined by the method of Delphi, Analytical Hierarchy Process and Brain Storm. Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method is taken into the application evaluation on specific website.How to construct a relatively sound government knowledge portal is investigated in Chapter Six. The design concepts and the three dimensions of IT implementation of government knowledge portal system are discussed. Consequently, some technical issues involved in the constructing process of government knowledge portal are explored, such as how to effectively integrate the heterogeneous government data in different place by using XTM, how to do the knowledge management based on information user logic by using the Behavioral theories and so on. At last, the construction of government knowledge portal is set about.Chapter Seven mainly deals with the problem of the negative effects of the government knowledge management application. There are three general negative effects, "the restraining of creativities by knowledge management", "the trend of profitability of knowledge owning" and "bystander phenomenon of knowledge management", are investigated by combining the theories of Social Psychology and the science of Organizational Behavior. Based on the three general three negative effects, nine negative effects in the application of knowledge management in government portals are concluded, and the corresponding solutions are respectively analyzed.On the basis of the theories of Ecosystem Ecology, Chapter Seven presented an adjusted comprehension on knowledge. By analyzing the features of ecologist knowledge management and the equilibrium of knowledge ecologicalization, the ecologicalized government knowledge management platform is proposed, and its advantages are initially analyzed.Chapter Eight is the conclusion of the essay. It concludes the research significance, the innovations and difficulties of the research, and further puts forward the direction of future study.