A Study Of The Consection Sutra Centering On The Guan Ding Ba Chu Guo Zui Sheng Si De Du Jing

The Consection sutra (12 volumes in all) had a strong influence in the history of Chinese Buddhism, especially the twelfth volume Guan ding ba chu guo zui sheng si de dujing, in which the original Bhaisajyaguru believing form had emerged., and the Bhaisajyaguru faith was very prosperous in the medieval periods of China, we can learn this through the grotto paintings and dunhuang manuscripts. But due to a variety of reasons, the community of scholars didn't pay full attention to the research on the Guan ding ba chu guo zui sheng si de dujing and other 11 volumes of the Consection sutra. Be centered on the Guan ding ba chu guo zui sheng si de dujing, in order of each volume of the Consection sutra and on the basis of the bibliography, this article make a special study on the Consection sutra and come up with the following viewpoints:First, all the 12 volumes of the Consection sutra are Buddhist apocrypha. We can figure out that all the 12 volumes of the Consection sutra are Buddhist apocrypha through the contents and sources of the scriptures. The contents of the Buddhist apocrypha mainly came from Daoism, and also stemmed from the civil witchcraft. Multiple places of the scriptures plagiarized from the buddhist sutra which had been translated previously and the volumes which had been compiled in China.Second, not only the Guan ding ba chu guo zui sheng si de dujing was compiled by monk Hui-jian of Lu-ye temple in Liu Song Dynasty, other 11 volumes of the Consection sutra were also compiled by him, we can judge this fact from the words and ideas of the Consection sutra.Third, the formation of the Consection sutra went through two phases:the latter three volumes formed in advance, and the first nine volumes formed in behind. In 457 AD, all the 12 volumes of the Consection sutra were clustered together for edition and revision.Fourth, under the influence of the social environment of that time, Hui-jian compiled the Consection sutra. One was Taiwu Emperor of Beiwei Dynasty destroyed the Buddhism, which made the Buddhist came about the intensive feelings of doomsday, and the other was that the Daoism and the civil witchcraft were all developed rapidly, which stimulated the buddhism circles, especially the buddhist like Hui-jian, who in turn created and wrote the Consection sutra.Fifth, to compile the Consection sutra, Hui-jian had certain purposes. All scriptures reflected his religious ideal, that was:including different times of one's life, containing all respects of the world, and even incorporating many aspects of the Daoism and the civil witchcraft into the Buddhism system.Sixth, the Guan ding ba chu guo zui sheng si de dujing has been turned out to be a apocrypha, nevertheless, it's scriptures were also translated successively three times, which embodied the historical character of cultural convergence phenomenon, and it also became a specific cases for the historical and cultural phenomena.