A Research On The Executing Policy Of Henan Provincial Officials In Ming And Qing Dynasties

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, provincial administrations experienced greatchange. The establishment of the governor of the system in breaking the original threedivisions of governance and the branches office of local power patterns, the governor becamethe highest level of leader in place, while the three divisions became the governor underling.The Ming government contains the governor power, continuously strengthen the lower rankof inspector censor power. They became a place of actual ruler, and mutual restraint. Theinspector censor was demolished in the early years of Qing dynasty, it means the governor inthe land of lost as an equal handicap forces, centralized power on major issues. Managementof river governor was specially setted again into a new province, blood to the place, andchange the local power structure. Province sent officials gradually detached from the originalCivil institution and Legal institutions, according to the two divisions of the facts are theprovincial institutions as a revolution. The two powers were cut further. The Civil institutionwas worthy of the name of the tube grain branch. With the changes of provincial institutions,provincial officials in election and PAS also occurred in varying degrees of Ming and Qingdynasty. Provincial official power transfermence is the process of its function changes in theprocess. Overall, Civil institution in charge of civil justice, and Legal institutions mastercriminal laws and politics, the settings of governor added to their subject power when theyhandled affairs. Nevertheless, they still have powers of a direct dialogue with the Central.As the Central plains of Henan province with the belly, Not only has in common withother provinces, but also has its own characteristics. The provincial official influence thegrowth and functional change is the same point by Henan and other provinces. There isdifference between them, the provinces according to their respective province specificcircumstances are different from different policy content. Henan suffered a severe war,refugee action, the barren land, reclaim wasteland to resettle refugees and increased itsrevenue of provincial officials was a pressing matter of the moment in turnover time of Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasty. The establishment of national of Ming and Qing and gradualnormalization, warfare has decreased, but the refugee problem still exists, particularly inNanyang of Henan. Therefore, reclaimed land and placement of refugees are the twogenerations of provincial official policy is indispensable. Tax revenue is basic affairs of theprovincial officials. Each province involves food tax and a variety of miscellaneous levies,while the provincial officials are required to handle these silver grain balance of paymentsproblems, but treatment methods varied. There were many royal in Henan, provincial officialshave many opportunities to communicate with them and need to solve the problems ofgraining salary and related problems. Provincial officials of Henan on various issues ofprocessing mainly through their exercise other functions, namely the judicial functions. In theprocess of exercising of the functions, provincial officials upload function is an excellentembodiment.Henan is one of the main provinces through the Yellow River. This means that themanagement of the Yellow River is one task of the Henan Provincial Administration ofofficials. Since, the Yellow River in Henan frequently crevasse during the Ming and QingDynasties. They need a continuous repairment of guarding River and control of flood disaster.Not only that, the more important thing is they need to keep processing officials, soldiers,caused by varieties of leakage. Compared with Ming Dynasty, the biggest change of QingDynasty is that it began dedicated River governor and East River governor, specificallyadministrate Henan and Shandong affairs of the yellow river. This is a significant change inprovincial officials system. In April of Yong Zheng two years(1724), as second in commandof the board of war, Ji Zengjun was appointed to deputy chief River in Henan. This is thegovernment officials in the Yellow River once again, change malpractice of the past Rivergovernor of Henan. Thus, Henan appeared in the two independent River Provincial officersystem of the Qing Dynasty. One is east of governor headed the local administration system;one is River officer system led East River governor. Both of them have managed the Riverpower, in cooperation with the basis of unavoidably contradictory, it is advantages anddisadvantages. The military security features of Henan province of Ming dynasty were cutand comfort mine pirates and bandits. There are a large of mountain in Nanyang , Ru Ning and Ruzhou, thieves easily hidden, and there is mineral resources, as the mob gathered tocreate a geographical conditions. Henan's unstable factors are mainly embodied in the aspectsof the cult of rampant in Qing dynasty. Whether it is mine steal, roving bandits, cut, they arethe local people in the life force of circumstances rush into danger behavior, provincialofficials need to destroy and appease. It take a severe cut means to rectify the chaotic person,rebellion and effects of local security, while being forced to steal for the bandit is still mainlyto ask. Provincial officials of Henan in other functions were assessed to staff and torecommend talent and impeachment not duty. However, provincial officials also ownanti-corruption and position, which decides its recommendation and impeachment have anunfair composition. The cases which the lift is raised and not the impeach have appeared to be.This disproofed that provincial official specific policy was not always consistent with rules. Interms of education, Henan provincial officials according to the specific situation ofgovernance, to build the school, college, and the place of education, improve the imperial claneducation, through ritual means of education popularization.Provincial officials bridged in communication with the central and state governmentCounty, their each of its functions can reflect the upload. To reach the good interactive ofupper and lower, sage provincial officials were particularly important. The interaction have adirect impact on the efficiency of provincial officials administration. Both the central andlocal power need to change, it will serve the masses of the people and to return to the society.To Provincial officials, the most important thing is to make the real people, solve socialproblems, which is to exclude the difficulty and anxiety administrative to each other and docontributions to social stability and development.