Students Entrepreneurial Intention And Its Relationship With The Socio-cultural, Personality

Entrepreneurship can promote national innovation and economic growth, accelerating economic restructuring, narrowing the wealth gap between regions, solving the problems of employment, ethnic issues and the poor, and promoting the old company to continue the good. College is an important talent pool for future entrepreneurs. To promote college students to participate in entrepreneurial activities, we should first get the students with the entrepreneurial intention because of entrepreneurial behavior behind the entrepreneurial intention (Krueger,2007). The information of basic situation of our students'entrepreneurial intention is important for the government and the relevant social institutions, but not many studies explored these issues. In recent years, the impact of culture on entrepreneurial intention gradually received the attention of scholars. The Theory of Planned Behavior indicates that subjective norm is a significant predictor of entrepreneurial intention. Subjective norm is the perceived social pressure of engaging or not engaging in an act. Social culture will produce a kind of social pressure on individuals. It can encourage or inhibit entrepreneurial behavior, so there will be a link between entrepreneurial intention and culture. If the culture of a country or region encourages innovation, risk-taking and entrepreneurship, as opposed to the cultural atmosphere of a country or region not encouraging or even opposing to venture, the members of society will be more inclined to see venture as worth doing event, and therefore they will hold higher entrepreneurial intention. However, few studies explored the relationship between culture and entrepreneurial intention. In addition, the Model of the Entrepreneurial Event states that propensity to act (personality traits) is an important predictor of entrepreneurial intention, so personality is a very important variable among the individual factors affecting entrepreneurial intention. The existing researches using Big Five personality theory investigated the relationship between personality and entrepreneurial intention, but the results are inconsistent. Therefore, it is necessary to continue inspecting the relationship between the Big Five personality and entrepreneurial intention. In this study, the relationships among culture, personality and entrepreneurial intention will be explored.The present study using Entrepreneurial Intention Scale of Undergraduates, the Chinese version of Values Survey Module (VSM08), the Chinese version of NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), investigated 2198 college students. The data had been analyzed using SPSS 13.0 and AMOS7.0. In this study, the results are as follows:1. The proportion of college students wanting to start entrepreneurship in China is 79.3 percent, but the overall level of entrepreneurial intention is not high. The level of entrepreneurial goal intention of college students was significantly higher than entrepreneurial implementation intention. The level of entrepreneurial goal intention and entrepreneurial implementation intention of male college students was significantly higher than female college students. The level of entrepreneurial goal intention and entrepreneurial implementation intention of junior college students was significantly higher than undergraduates. The level of entrepreneurial goal intention of students majored in medicine was lowest among the major types of medicine, literature, economics, management, science and engineering. The level of entrepreneurial goal intention of students majored in science and engineering was highest the major types. The difference between entrepreneurial goal intention and entrepreneurial implementation intention changed as school type and gender difference. Specifically, the difference between entrepreneurial goal intention and entrepreneurial implementation intention of junior college students is greater than undergraduates. The difference between entrepreneurial goal intention and entrepreneurial implementation intention of male students is greater than female students.2. Uncertainty avoidance significantly predicted entrepreneurial goal intention negatively. Indulgence not only significantly predicted entrepreneurial goal intention positively, but also significantly predicted entrepreneurial implementation intention negatively. Entrepreneurial goal intention significantly predicted entrepreneurial implementation intention positively.3. Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism significantly entrepreneurial goal intention positively. Conscientiousness and neuroticism significantly predicted entrepreneurial implementation intention positively. Agreeableness significantly predicted entrepreneurial implementation intention negatively. Agreeableness significantly predicted entrepreneurial implementation intention negatively for male students, but agreeableness didn't predict entrepreneurial implementation intention for female students. For rural students, extraversion significantly predicted entrepreneurial implementation intention positively, and agreeableness significantly predicted entrepreneurial implementation intention negatively. For urban students, extraversion and agreeableness didn't predict entrepreneurial implementation intention. For undergraduates, neuroticism and conscientiousness predicted entrepreneurial implementation intention positively, but agreeableness didn't predict entrepreneurial implementation intention. For junior college students, neuroticism and conscientiousness didn't predict entrepreneurial implementation intention, but agreeableness predicted entrepreneurial implementation intention negatively.4. For college students, the Big Five personality mediated the relationships between uncertainty avoidance and entrepreneurial intention, as well as the relationships between indulgence and entrepreneurial intention. The mediating effect of the Big Five personality on the relationship of culture and entrepreneurial intention changed with the difference of gender, urban and rural areas, and schools types. This difference is mainly reflected in the relationship between personality and entrepreneurial intention.This study measured the entrepreneurial goal intention and entrepreneurial implementation intention, and thus we were able to conduct a more detailed discussion of the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and behavior. In this study, based on Hofstede's cultural theory, we explored the relationship between culture and entrepreneurial intention, which made a useful attempt to study further the relationship between the two. This study examined the mediating relationships among culture, personality, and entrepreneurial intention, indicating the effecting pathway of culture to entrepreneurial intention. The article also analyzed the practical significance of the findings on college students, government departments, entrepreneurial public organizations, and universities.