| Cohousing is a new living model first appeared in Denmark in 1960s. With the continuous development and evolution, it has been spreaded from northern Europe to North America and the Pacific Rim, and producing more and more widespread impact on the world. Residents commit to live collectively as a community. Community design takes into account the balance between the public and privacy. Its main characteristics include: Participatory process, Intentional Neighborhood Design, Extensive Common Facilities, Complete Resident Management, Non-Hierarchal Structure, Separate Income Sources, etc. This concept revives many advantages of traditional village, and becomes an innovation strategy creating"Sense of community"between neighborhoods; meanwhile, low-impact strategy is also the main concept of cohousing.This PhD thesis is the first comprehensive, systematic introduction of the cohousing conception in China. The article combines Theory and Practice methods and the chapters are arranged from General description to Special research. The main contents include: (1) Overall research: Summarize the current research on cohousing, and clarify the basic concepts and research foundation; divide the development process into three stages according to the propagation path"Nordic region-North America-Pacific rim"; and summarize background, characteristics, important historical events in each part. Then on this basis, concludes the main characteristics of cohousing (2) Case study: take the Windsong community as an example, analyzing the elements of"cohousing". (3) Special Research: In the chapter of development model, extract 4 major development models, summarize primary process, and analysis residents participation, consensus decision-making, interaction with the consultancy and duties of consultant(or architect) in detail. In the chapter of planning design, according to area of private unit, number of public facilities, layout form of community and changing in community scale, divide the planning design into four main stages and summarize the morphological features of each stage and the main point of planning design. In the chapter of community living, analyze the demographic characteristics of residents, and summarize the agreements document, types of conflict and solution; In the chapter of sustainability, this paper firstly analyze and summarize the low-impact strategy in"cohousing"from physical and living level and using"empowerment"concept in community psychology, propose the cohousing empowerment model to reveal the relationship between sustainable features. (4) Practice and Conclusion: Given the"LOWH"and intentional community currently emerged in our country, analysis the examples, summarize their situation, mistakes and gap with"cohousing"; meanwhile, we preliminarily attempt to design a"cohousing"community to adapt to our situation at this stage through a student design competition. In the end, comments the advantages and disadvantages of cohousing from an objective point of view, put forward the proposal of our community construction based on the success and failure experiences of cohousing. |
