Empirical Research On Comparative Advantage And Structure Optimization Of Agricultural Products In Jilin Province

With the development of agriculture and rural economy, some contradiction and problems of deep-level emerged. For example, the cost of agricultural production has increased, farmers harvest more crops but the income does not grow, the supply of crops does not match the demand, the stock of agricultural products has kept increasing and the imported agricultural products pack into the domestic market. One of the important reasons is that the agricultural structure is not adjusted according to the market situation, the agricultural resource allocation and the agricultural production are inefficient. The way to solve these problems is focusing the resource on advantageous products and sections, producing according to the market demand,improving the products quality, guarantee food security and enhancing the agricultural competitiveness. The agricultural reform on the supply side proposed recently is essentially to improve the quality and efficiency of agricultural supply system on the basis of sufficiency, to produce the demanded categories and form reasonable agricultural-products-supply system.The paper analyzes the modified comprehensive advantage of agricultural products(mainly crops and husbandry products) of Jilin province and its 9 prefecture-level cities, researches and evaluates the agricultural structure. On the above basis, the paper analyzes the coordination between the advantage and the specialization of the products, then the paper concludes the methods to adjust the agricultural structure and to optimize the regional arrangement. The contents and conclusions of the research are as follows.Firstly, the author uses the MAAI method and calculates the comparative advantage indexes of agricultural products. The corn, bean and tobacco of Jilin province have comprehensive advantage, and the rice, oil plants, sugar crops, vegetables and fruits have disadvantage. The beef and poultry production have advantage, the pork, mutton and milk production have disadvantage. Comparaed with Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Neimenggu, the oil plants, sugar crops and fruits of Jilin province have disadvantages, the beef production has significant advantage and the mutton and milk production have significant disadvantages.Secondly, the author analyzes the agricultural comparative advantage in different regions of Jilin province. The paper divides Jilin province into three parts, the middle part includes Changchun, Jilin, Siping, and Liaoyuan; the eastern part includes Tonghua, Yanbian, and Baishan; the western part includes Songyuan and Baicheng. The research on the agricultural advantage of the 9 prefecture-level cities shows that the middle region has advantage in the production of corn, vegetables, fruits, pork, and poultry; the eastern region has advantage in the production of bean, tobacco and beef; the western region has advantage in the production of oil plants, sugar crops, mutton and milk. Jilin, Baicheng and Tonghua have advantage in theproduction of rice.Thirdly, the author analyzes the structure of agricultural output value and the structure of employment, as well as distribution of crops and livestock breeding in different areas. Research on the agricultural structure shows that the output value of crop farming is the largest share of the total agricultural value, the output value of husbandry is a bit lower than crop farming,forestry and fishery only accounts for a small part. For the husbandry, the output of pork, poultry and beef are the top three biggest parts respectively, the share of mutton and milk is relatively lower. The output value structure and the employment structure do not match, the region distribution of agricultural products do not coincide with the distribution of comparative advantage. For the planting structure, the percentage of grain crops is higher than that of economical plants. With the method of econometric VAR model, the paper evaluates the agricultural structure, the result shows that the contribution of husbandry exceeds that of planting, and the the contribution of the former one lasts longer. The author also evaluates the products structure with the method of grey relational analysis, the result shows that husbandry products have higher correlation with agricultural economy than farming products.Fourthly, the author makes research on the coordination between the comparative advantage and the specialization of agricultural products with the method of RMAAI and SI indexes. The result shows that the products both RMAAI indexes and SI coefficients of which are over 1include rice, corn and beef, the products the RMAAI indexes of which are over 1 while the SI coefficients are below 1 are bean, tobacco and poultry, the products both indexes of which are below 1 are oil plants, sugar crops, vegetables, fruits, mutton and milk. Pork have over-one RMAAI index and below-one SI coefficient. The coordination rate of prefecture cities is lower than the province. The author concludes the deviation status between RMAAI and SI and analyzes the reasons.On the basis of the above research, the paper proposes the products which should be adjusted are corn, bean, tobacco, pork and beef. The production of advantageous products should be increased and the production of disadvantageous products should be decreased.Meanwhile, the producing efficiency and capacity of agriculture should be improved. Regional distribution should be conducted according to the regional advantage.