| The trend of global warming caused the attention of different nation’s government. Different governments have formulated the corresponding carbon emissions regulation policy according to their national conditions. Typical carbon policy mainly includes: Carbon emissions tax, Mandatory carbon emissions capacity(Cap) and Cap-and-trade.The implementation of carbon policy in operations management has brought new challenges to the enterprise. It makes enterprise management more complex in performance target for decision-making(dual goals of increasing profits and reducing carbon emissions), the decision variables(production, order, pricing and other traditional decision variables and carbon emissions, carbon trading decision variables) and decision environment(production capacity, capital and other traditional and limitation of carbon constraints). At the same time, along with a carbon footprint is more and more easy to be identified and calculated, and people’s environmental protection consciousness has gradually strengthened, the product of the carbon emissions become the important factors that affect consumer demand, therefore, the carbon sensitive demand of consumers must be taken into account when making business decisions becomes more and more acceptable by enterprises. As we all know, carbon emissions are throughout the entire supply chain, however, the existing researches on carbon policies in practice are mainly based on the perspective of individual enterprise. If only focus on individual enterprise, and cannot effectively solve the supply chain coordination problem of upstream and downstream enterprises, we cannot fundamentally promote carbon policy’s implementation, and achieve the ultimate goal of reducing carbon emissions.Therefore, taking the two echelon supply chain(one supplier and one manufacturer) which is dominant by supplier as the research object, we study the decision-making and supply chain coordination strategies with and without considering the carbon sensitive demand under different carbon policies.Firstly, we study the decision-making strategies without considering the carbon sensitive demand under different carbon policies. The results show that: the traditional wholesale price contract cannot coordinate the supply chain under no carbon emissions constraints, carbon tax, cap and cap and trade; with the increase of carbon tax rate, the manufacturer’s optimal order quantity and the maximum expected profit decrease under carbon tax policy; when carbon cap plays a role, the manufacturer’s optimal order quantity and the maximum expected profit are diminishes with carbon cap under cap policy; when the cap is constant, with the increase of the carbon trading price, the manufacturer’s optimal order quantity decreased, and manufacturer’s maximum expected profit first decrease and then increase under cap and trade policy.Secondly, introducing the buy-back contract and revenue sharing contract, we study if whether the two kinds of contract could coordinate the supply chain without considering the carbon sensitive demand under different carbon policies. Results show that both the two contract could coordinate the supply chain without considering the carbon sensitive demand under different carbon policies.Thirdly, we study the decision-making strategies with considering the carbon sensitive demand under different carbon policies. We consider the dual sensitive linear demand function by price and carbon emission, and introduce the cost of reducing carbon emission. The results show that: the traditional wholesale price contract cannot coordinate the supply chain under no carbon emissions constraints, carbon tax, cap and cap and trade; with the increase of carbon tax, the manufacturer’s optimal pricing first increased and then decrease, the optimal carbon emissions per unit product and maximum profit decrease under carbon tax policy; when carbon cap plays a role, with the carbon cap decreases, the manufacturer’s optimal pricing increase, and the optimal carbon emissions per unit product and maximum profits decrease under cap policy; when cap is constant, with the increase of carbon trading price, the manufacturer’s optimal pricing first increase and then decrease, the optimal carbon emissions per unit product decrease, and maximum profits first decrease and then increase under cap and trade policy.Finally, introduction the revenue sharing contract, carbon emission reduction cost sharing contract and profit sharing contract, we study if whether the three kinds of contract could coordinate the supply chain with considering the carbon sensitive demand under different carbon policies. Results show that both revenue sharing contract and carbon emission reduction cost sharing contract could not coordinate the supply chain, however, when the wholesale price is equal to the cost of supplier, that is the supplier has no profit at all, profit sharing contract could achieve supply chain coordination. And when the optimal profit sharing ratio satisfies a certain relationship, the profit of supplier and manufacturer could realize the Pareto improvement.According to the result of model optimization analysis, we can also get the following important management enlightenment. The implementation of carbon tax, carbon cap and carbon cap and trade policy could effectively promote manufacturers’ reducing carbon emissions. However, whether or not considering carbon sensitive demand, carbon cap and trade policy is always the most conducive policy for the manufacturer. Also, carbon sensitive demand still has advantageous to the enterprises for reducing carbon emissions. Therefore, the government should actively promote the implementation of the carbon cap and trade policy, strengthen and improve the environmental awareness of consumers, and fundamentally achieve the emission reduction targets.The results of this thesis could provide a new idea in supply chain enterprise’s operation, and also could provide the government as referential basis for the policy making, and have important theoretical significance and practical value. |
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