Research On Carbon Emissions Accounting

Greenhouse effect has become an indisputable fact. Low carbon became the various countries’economic development mode. Under the environment of low carbon economy, energy saving and emission reduction become the focus of many enterprises. Matters related to carbon extended to most companies. For carbon accounting events, traditional financial accounting can’t carry on the accurate calculation. Related information is not reflected in the traditional accounting report. Enterprise information cannot fully reflect the actual condition of the enterprise. And information users can’t really understand the enterprise financial report.For carbon emission accounting, home and abroad research mainly focused on the recognition and measurement of it. Carbon emission cost accounting is usually combined with the enterprise strategic management. Under the mode of low carbon economy, It constitutes the important content of strategic management which should not be neglected. Some scholars domestic put forward that broad carbon accounting should at least include carbon emission accounting, carbon neutral, carbon cost accounting, management accounting and carbon auditing. Some studies puts forward the construction of carbon accounting system according to this idea. Because it is different from he existing financial accounting, most of them think it as a independent system separated from it. The matters involved cannot be reflected in the existing accounting system, which should build a special system. And the system has certain accounting objectives, should follow certain principles and accounting principles. With reference to the existing financial accounting standards, in order to reflect the impact of carbon trading matters to the enterprise’s financial situation and operating results, company should use carbon assets, Carbon liabilities, carbon owners’ equity, revenue, cost of carbon and carbon profits. This article only focus on carbon emissions accounting In my opinion, it at least include the calculation of carbon emission, the recognition and measurement of carbon emission right, carbon emissions cost and it’s management.Carbon behavior affects enterprise’s economic activities, it causes the change in the existing financial accounting system. It is just a kind of new factors, which causes the change of related accounting elements. Therefore, this article take carbon emissions embedded in the existing accounting system according to the impact of related issues, under the premise of recognition criteria to confirm it.This article first clear the concept of carbon accounting, puts forward it should include the calculation of carbon emissions, carbon emission accounting treatment and carbon cost accounting and management, do analysis the three aspects of it. Enterprise carbon emissions calculation, the calculation of the carbon footprint, which from the angle of the material-flow for the measurement of enterprises carbon emissions, is the premise and foundation of the whole carbon accounting system. On this basis, the enterprise can reflect the impact of carbon emissions and carbon emissions cost from the monetary measurement. Then points out that there are two kinds of trading mechanisms: cap and trade and baseline and credit. Carbon emissions accounting treatment is different under the two trading mechanisms. This paper expounds the process of carbon emission rights under two kinds of trading mechanism. And according to the different purpose, carbon emissions right is confirmed as the different asset classes, and then uses the reasonable measurement attributes to the initial measurement and subsequent measurement. Second, this essay focus on the study of carbon emissions costs. There are two kinds of method to calculate it:life cycle method and activity based costing method. In order to reflect the carbon cost of product, the account should be adjusted under the existing system. If the cost conforms to the expenses, it should be recorded into the profits and losses of the current directly. Finally,this article states the method of information disclosure. Enterprises should adopt supplement the original report and independent dual mode. On the one hand enterprise should present the result of recognition, measurement and recording in the financial statements and notes. On the other hand, separate report should be used to reveal the impact of carbon emissions to enterprise economic activity, making the interests of the parties to have a comprehensive and clear understanding of the enterprise’s carbon emissions.