On Laozi 's "De" And Moral Education

The moral education development cannot leave the guidance of the theory of moral education,and the upper guide of the moral education theory is the moral theory.To carry out the moral education, need conform to the present era background,which can insure moral education improve individual character, and need to draw on ancient wisdom.The Taoist "Lao zi" contained in the theory of "Te". As a cultural origin in the sense of moral theory, moral education can be guide by the theory of "Te".To explore the theory of "virtue" of "Lao zi",can provide guidance for moral education theory and practice.As an important constituting part of traditional culture, the profound and encyclopedic idea and heuristic value for reality of Laozi is the significant reason of becoming successive and prolonged tradition.All the time, the research of Laozi in academic circles mostly focus on “Tao”. Taking “Tao”as the keyword, many results have been constructed. Though the focalization of viewpoint is beneficial to the depth of research,it may narrow the category of research.These things, the concentrated and long attention of academic circles to“Tao”and some points of “Te” in early such as “nihilism”、“unscrupulous”,“anti-moralityism”, hider the process of research in “Te” to a considerable extent, which cause the desolation of the “Te” in Laozi. So far, the early viewpoints about Laozi, have been corrected to a considerable extent, which provides loose environment to appearance of “Te”.According to the tendentiousness of research, in contrast to Tao,there are few results about the “Te” of Laozi in academic cirles.Taking subject ownership as a standard, few research almost focus on ethics area.Taking “Te” as a concept in ethics is equivalent to limiting the main body of “Te” as “man”.“man” is the main body of “Te” in Laozi, but not the unique.The complicacy, concept, connotation and so on of “Te”in Laozi decides that the main body of “Te” is not only “man”. The study of “Te” in Laozi should not be limited in the ethic category.Studying “Te” in Laozi from comprehensive and various viewpoints is the necessary premise of the research.The “Te” theory in Laozi is a systematic and structural theory, the concept, main body, content and method and so on of which has the systematicness from top to bottom.From concept, the “Te” in Laozi gives “morality” new connotation on the basis of early concept of “morality”.The “Te” in Laozi not only include ethical meaning, but also include philosophical meaning. In Laozi, “Te”firstly is a metaphysic conception and not connected with ethic meaning such as “morality”and “virtue”etc directly. The main body in Laozi and the relationship between these main bodies cause that “Te” shows duality of “metaphysical-physical”and “philosophy-ethic”. According the analysis of “Te” in Laozi, it can be seen that “Te” has three meanings, namely, ethical meaning、philosophical meaning and generally verbal meaning.In terms of the system and hierarchy of “Te” theory, both conceptions constituting “Te” theory and specific content of moral hierarchy are included in Laozi. In Laozi the concepts constituting “Te” theory are “Tao” and “Te”. The kernel of “Te” theory certainly is “Te”.“Tao”, as the kernel and principle concept of Laozi, is on top of “Te”. Because of the close relationship with “Te”, “Tao” becomes another important concept of “Te”theory. The construction of “Tao” and “Te” by Laozi is the important point constituting the conceptive system of “Te”theory. The kernel concept of “Te” theory is “Te”, the main body and the relationship betweenthese main bodies of“Te”are presented as,“Tao-Heaven-Earth-Man”, linear and circular relation. There are different meanings in these two relationship. In Laozi as the origin of value, “Te” is the value. The discussion about “Tao”,“Te”,“humaneness”,“righteousness” and “propriety”in Laozi constitute the value hierarchy and are showed in mode of “Dao-Te- humaneness- righteousness- propriety” and “superior Te-inferior Te”.In terms of the main body and presenting form of “Te” theory, “Te” theory in Laozi has different presenting forms because of its different main bodies. The first main body of “Te” in Laozi is “Tao”.“Te” born in “Tao” is metaphysic and “doing nothing”and is coincident with “Tao” to some extent.As “four great”,heaven and earth is also the main body of “Te”.The “Te”of heaven and earth following Tao shows in the form of“inhumane”. “All things” in universe is not apparently exist in “four great”, but is also the main body of “Te” in Laozi.All things following the“Te” of heaven and earth is presented in “not competing with others”. Except Tao, heaven and earth and All things, man, as intelligent part of universe and main body of “Tao”, is concerned by Laozi.Considering “morality of man”, Laozi discuss the general morality of “man” and also pay much attention to the morality of “king”. Laozi take “man” as the main body of “morality” and focus on the ethical meaning of “morality”. The pure ethic of “morality” of man is apparently different to metaphysic of “Te of Tao”, metaphysical-physical interim of “Te of heaven and earth” and under-shape of “Te of things”. Laozi pay attention to morality of “king” because of its political effect. In Laozi morality of “king” is mainly shown in “political virtue” and “education virtue”.The relationship and property of Tao、heaven、earth and man evolve gradually and are shown in the process of metaphysical- physical and spirit-substantive. Correspondingly, the property of Te of Tao- Te of heaven and earth-Te of Things- Te of man also has the gradual process of metaphysical- physical and philosophy-ethic.In practical level of “Te” theory, Laozi is mainly concerned about the obtainment and fulfillment of “morality” by “man”. Taking “man” as the main body of “Te”, Laozi provides instruments to the recognition and practice of “Te” to “man”.In Laozi,individual experience and practice of “morality” include three patterns, namely, “observation”, “consideration”, “practice”. Every method can be subdivided into specific aspects.The concentration on value orientation of “Te”theory is the purpose of focusing on “Te” restriction or “Te”theory. Combining with the idea of Laozi, the value orientation of “Te” theory is shown in three aspects “from small to large”, namely, every people has morality,Social is stability, harmonious and universe is natural.Relate the “Te” to moral education, provide reference for the theory and practice of moral education,which is the ultimate goal and realistic care. The theory of “Te” aroud “Te”, similar to the nature of moral education.The theory of “Te” contains and underline basic moral education problems,just as “whether morality could be taught”,” Who is the subject of moral education”,” What is the content of the moral education” and “How to carry out moral education”,and so on. The theory of “Te” has reference value for moral education.As an important component part, the theory of “Te” has internal relations to moral education,it needs to be studied.