| At present, the pneumoconiosis is one of the most risk occupational diseases in our country. According to the statistics, 2/3 of all occupational diseases in China are the pneumoconiosis, so the prevention and therapy of this disease is very important, however the mechanism of it is complicated and hard to explain. There is no way to cure it thoroughly, so, the efforts to clarify its molecular mechanisms must to do urgently so as to get a better understanding of its occurrence and development. On the basis of the previous studies, the occurrence and development of pneumoconiosis is a multi-stage process with participation and interaction of many cells and molecules, so there must exist many gene expressions. The related genes have played different roles in the occurrence and development of pneumoconiosis, these genes, however, might cooperate with each other to determine the pneumoconiosis in different time and space. Therefor, to study thepneumoconiosis by means of molecular biology, especially to define the related genes as a gene cluster, then to select the key genes of pneumoconiosis is important to deeply study the molecular mechanisms and to explore the health monitoring measures, early diagnosis methods, and new therapy means of pneumoconiosis.This study plans to choose the SD mouse as the animal model of the silicosis by tracheal perfusion of the quartz dust. The gene abnormal expression was firstly analyzed with the gene micro-array and cloned and identificated by FDD, then the related genes of silicosis were selected in order to clarify the molecular mechanisms of silicosis, and define the key genes.Moreover, the TGF- β1 gene polymorphisms were firstly studied by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) . The present study firstly discuss the role of transforming growth factor β1 ( TGF-β1 ) gene polymorphisms in coal workers' pneumoconiosis by examination of TGF-β1 gene polymorphism in site of 509 of coal workers' pneumoconiosis patients and control persons of exposure to coal dust from coal workers of Henan province of China, in order to approach the corelations of genetic susceptibility of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) and the gene polymorphism .Current focus on molecular biology is the large-scale analysis of gene expression using new DNA micro-array technology. This powerful technology has been used to study many biological processes of the experimental and clinical goals ranging frompathogenesis, cancer diagnosis and prediction of clinical outcome to identification of therapeutic targets. In this way, DNA micro-array analysis is providing the first glimpse of a substantial improvement in our understanding of pneumoconiosis. This study firstly analyed the gene expression of the earlier silicosis and normal lung tissue used the experimental model of mouse silicosis by gene micro-array, including 5705 mouse gene, from Qiagen Company. 323 genes were selected, which were apparently different between the earlier silicosis and normal lung tissue, including 109 of up-load genes and 214 of down-load genes, There included 49 novel mouse genes. This suggest that the occurrence of silicosis might result in a simplifying of tisues and cells functions, and that lots of unknown genes would to be study. The functions of differential expressed genes in the silicosis tissue included: transportation, transcription regulator, signal, response to stress, metabolism, development, cell organization and biogenesis, cell motility, differentiation, cell cycle, cell adhesion, apoptosis, and pro-oncogene. The result provided the theoretical basis at the gene level for the silicosis process along with oxidative damage , macrophage damage by calcium overload, cytokine' s effect and participation of immuno reaction. The result also implied there existed the effect and function of pro-oncogene and anti-oncogene in the silicosis, and signal network played roles in regulating the expression of related gene, so as to VEGF and HSP etc.FDD is a powerful tool for the comparison of gene expression between two or more mRNA. This technique included an adoptation of an existing technology—PCR and denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, that have previously been used to provide DNA fingerprints of hybrid cell lines and particular genomic regions. This study firstly used FDD to look for the genes of special differential expression between the cases and the controls. As a result, 10 genes were found to be with high expression in silicosis lung tissue but normal lung tissue, then 4 genes were cloned and sequenced. Compared with Genebank, one of the 4 genes is the gene encoding apolipoprotein F, the others are novel mouse genes. Their functions are unknown.To approach the effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) gene polymorphisms on genetic susceptibility of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) , 109 cases of coal workers' pneumoconiosis and 110 coal workers (controls) were selected based on GBZ70-2002 and investigated by questionaire . DNA was extracted from 3 ml peripheral vein blood obtained from all subjects. Using polymerse chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) techniques, TGF-β1 gene polymorphisms in site of 509 were analyzed . Using TGF-β1 FLISA kit, the serum level of TGF-β1 were detected. The results showed that the TGF-β1 gene-509 polymorphism might play an important role in CWP. The TGF- β1 gene-509 polymorphism might have interaction with the length of service and smoking. TGF-β1 gene-509 polymorphism might causethe change of the serum level of TGF-β1. The results confirm that TGF- β1 gene with genotype C/T and/or T/T would promote the secretion of TGF-β1, meanwhile, the TGF-β1 gene with genotype C/C would inhibit the secretion of TGF-β1.
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