| Urban green plants is an important component of the garden and the ecosystem in a city, as it plays a vital role in maintaining ecological balance of a city, beautifying landscape,improving environmental quality, cleaning air, removing fatigue, inhibiting and killing pest. Aming to elaborate the component and the dynamic variations in different seasons of the volatile organic compounds(VOCs) of landscape trees in Harbin, elaborate the ecological connection between growing of plant and phyllosphere microbe, ascertain the active component and concentration of VOCs, experimental date was provided to landscape design of city in this paper, results showed that,(1)The amount of bacteria beyond 70 percent of total microorganism in phyllosphere microbe, it is the most one, so it is preponderant community. The amount of fungi is in the next place. Both of them decided the quantitative variety of phyllosphere microbe. The amount of actinomyces is the least, it has a little effect to total microorganism. The trend is the same about total phyllosphere microbe of Rhus typhina and Pinus sylvestris Linn. var. Mongolica, the most amount of phyllosphere microbe is in summer, next is in autumn, the third is in spring. It is the most amount of phyllosphere microbe in autumn of Populus albaxberolinensis and Larix gmelinii, next is in summer, the third is in spring. In the crown of a tree, the middle canopy has the most bacteria, the amount of fungi is increasing with reduce of Canopy.(2)The component and content have Sigificant differences in Rhus typhina, populus alba×berolinensis, Larix gmelinii and Pinus sylvestris Linn.var. Mongolica. They have dynamic varieties in different seasons. The major VOCs of Rhus typhina in spring and autumn is the terpene. The olefin is primary in summer, and little ketone and alcoholic aldehyde is in existence. The major VOCs of Populus alba×berolinensis is olefin. 1-Pentyne is leading component in spring and autumn, and 1-Propene,2-chloro-is major VOCs in summer. The terpenes include D-Linonen, a-Pinene, Caryophyllene and Bomeol. The primary VOCs of Larix gmelinii is terpenes, including m-Mentha-4, 8-diene, (1S,3S)-(+)-, Santolina triene, 3- Octen-5-yne, 2, 7-dimethyl-, (E)-, 3-Octen-5-yne, 2, 7-dimethyl-, (Z)-, 1, 3-Pentadiene, (-)- .beta. -Pinene and IR-. alpha. -Pinene. The major VOCs of Pinus sylvestris Linn. var. Mongolica is terpenes in spring and autumn, containing (+)-Carene, Camphene, 3-Octen-5-yne, 2, 7-dimethyl- (E)-, beta. -Phellandrene and (+)-Camphene. The 1-Propene, 2-chloro-is major in summer.(3)While investigating the atmospheric microbs in Harbin city, with the aid of settling plate technique is adopted and different most typical sites are selected to sample. The result showed that, in the multi-functional regions, the differences among the numbers of those atmospheric microbes are obvious. The quantitative distribution and variation are apparently related to such factors as the scale of green belt, density of population, the number of vechiclle on the road. The number of airborne bacteria is larger than other regions in station and main traffic lines. The numbr of airborne fungin is larger than other sites in forest and culture regions. The research of the effect of gardening plants cleaning the airborne microbes shows that the effect is different from gardening plant species, season and time. The effect is the most obvious in summer and in the morning. In the selected gardening plants, Pinus tabulaeformis has the most obvious effect to clean bacteria. Larix gmelinii and Populus×berolinensis are in the next place. Rhus typhina and Pinus sylvestris var. Mongolica have less effect to clean the bacteria.(4)Inhibitory activities of VOCs monocase were evaluatd. The results showed advantaged to fungi in lower concentration and scarcely inhibition on bacteria of a-Pinene. The obvious inhibition on experimental microorganism of borneol,camphor, B-Pinene, Longifolene. The ingibition rate is increase gradually with increasing concentration.(5)Inhibition activities of extract from experimental plants were evaluated. Results showed that the extract of Rhus typhina exhibit the most obviously inhibitory effect, and the inhibitory activities of extracts had heat stability. The test showed that the differences are obvious among the extract methods, plant species and different extracts.Based on the obove results, it is suggested that not only visual landscape ecological effect but also olfactory chemoecological effect should be considered when choosing plants for landscape design of the city. Larix gmelinii and PopuIus×berolinensis have big inhibitory effect on airborne microorganism. Rhus typhina and Pinus sylvestris var. Mongolica release maximum quantity of terpenes. They are capable of claning atmosphere improving environmental quality, they are excellent species for landscape designi. |
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