| Although the influence taken by institutions is felt in many areas, systemic methods are absent in the research of institutions. The New Institutions Economics carries its research with New Classic Economics principles, and brings systemic language and methods about institutions'analysis and research. The NIE theory can give perfect explanation about the social and economic phenomena appeared in the country's transition. By the help of NIE theory, the paper gives analysis and explanation about Chinese urban design institution's vicissitude, game situation, property right, transaction mechanism, shows that during China social transition, institutions play the key role in urban design's development, the strategies and principles of institutional construction are given.The innovation carried from 1978 brings China a thorough and entirely transition. The social transition changed urban design mechanism and management profoundly. The China urban design formal institutions are imperfect, and many characters formed in planned economy are reserved. The vicissitude of urban design institutions is ineluctable. The institutions vicissitude is caused by the"latent gain"consist in the new institutions. The"cost-gain"estimate of local government is the key factor of China urban design institutions"Caldor-Hicks"improvement. In the constrained vicissitude of China urban design institutions, how to overcome the government's fancy and bounded rationality is important. As for China urban design institutions vicissitude, the cooperation and the one another acceleration of central government and local government are necessary and availability. In the course of institutions vicissitude,"Path Dependence"caused by institutions self-construction is an important and prevalent phenomenon, the influence caused by"Path Dependence"should attached our more attention.With the social development, the Game between multitudinous interest groups has shown much influence. Non-cooperative Game in China urban design is prevalent. Institutions play a key role in Cooperative Game in China urban design, and are necessary to overcome the conflict between individual rationality and collective rationality. The property rights of China urban design haven't been transparently defined; the undefined property rights can't be bargained successfully and be protected effectively. During the Chinese rapid urbanization, the lack for urban environment resources is getting more serious. The systemic institutions of property rights may cause the effective and equitable configuration of urban environment resources, and may internalize the exterior effect of urban environment. With the government's intervention, the"failure of property rights"in urban design may be overcome. The social transition changed China urban design transaction mechanism fundamentally, but a lot of rationed transactions exist in urban design do not keep up with the market economic development. At the same time, there exist much transaction costs in China urban design for the lack of institutions. Institutions play an important role in overcoming the bounded rationality and restricting the opportunism; with the transaction costs cutting down, the urban design transaction can be carried out favorably.The formal institutions are the rigidity sustain of urban design's operation and management. In China, the absence of specific statute shows that our urban design formal institutions'construction has just begun. Considered the character of urban design and the different condition of our cities, the country legislation and local legislation should burden different duty. In market economy, policy domination, flexible domination and Cooperation Game should be emphasized in urban design legislation. The amelioration of property rights and transaction mechanism may make urban design working canonically and cut down its transaction costs. To carry out urban design's social duty, the planer should change their roles played in urban design: from technical brain man to Cooperation Game partner midwifery and from the business transactor to management transactor.Now that in China the urban design formal institutions are absent, the informal institutions become main behaviour restriction. People's value notion is the core part of informal institutions, the amelioration of urban design value notion includes: the renewed cognition on urban design, the protection of public interests in market economy, paying equal attention to the social justice and developing efficiency, the abandonment of vanity and ostentation. The aesthetics informal institutions have brought us"City Beautiful Movement"and the elimination of city's modality character, the advocation of new aesthetics value notion may reduce these negative phenomenons.The paper constructed an elementary theory system of institutional analysis and institutional construction about Chinese urban design, described that the social transition brings profound institutional influence on urban design. The paper gained creating fruits in the mechanism analysis and mode choice of China urban design institutional vicissitude, the necessity and imminency of institutional constitution of proper rights and transaction, the strategy and principle of urban design institutional construction. The achievement of research offered a suit of institutional analysis method and institutional discussing language for urban design's research, and established the theory basis to further entirely study the Chinese urban design institutional construction. |
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