| Wetland is the unique ecosystem formed by land and water interaction, which had the most biological diversity and productivity, and exerts the important effect on maintaining national ecological safety so can't replaced by any ecosystem. Unfortunately, In China, due to the rapid population increasing and social economic development, as well as lacking of wetland conservation measure, the benefits between wetland conservation and utilization had been out of trim seriously, as a result of the quickly decreasing in wetland area along with wetland ecological function and benefits can't been held back by human being. Accordingly, the urgent situation which demonstrates that it's the right time to publish wetland ecological compensation policy. Payment for ecological compensation as the most popular economic and policy measure had been proved to be efficient in coordinate the benefit between nature resources conservation and utilization, and which is also as the necessity choice for wetland resources sustainable utilization under the economic sustainable development in China.The intent of the research is to provide scientific and empirical foundation for wetland policy formulated by governmental department, which through the theoretical and empirical study to demonstrate necessity and feasibility of wetland ecological compensation, and the main content of wetland ecological compensation mechanism. The main content and conclusion of the research including:(1) provide the theoretical supporting from economic theory of property right, public good and exterior theory; (2) through summarizing and analyzing, provide that the Natural endowment of wetland resources is great absolute quantity and abundant biodiversity, but imbalance distribution in different region, the evaluation of wetland ecosystem function benefit is 165 million yuan each year, all of which provide the objective foundation for wetland compensation mechanism formulation; (3) using qualitative analysis combined with panel data model analysis derive that social economic activity definitely cause serious damage to wetland resources, especially the increase of population and urbanization expansion.Using Analytical Hierarchy Process method do a survey on wetland conservation and management officials in seven provinces derive that inadequate wetland conservation financing, lack of specific law of wetland conservation and variety weland protection approach are the main problems in China's wetland conservation and management system. All of the above analysis conclude that market failure and government failure are the main reason for wetland ecosystem degradation, which is also the realistic nececity for promoting wetland compensation in China; (4) the integrative evaluation in national policy, practice experiences, finance input and institutional demand has been proved that China have the essential requirements to published wetland ecological compensation mechanism, such as political willingness, economic condition, technology security, domestic and international demand; (5) at last, define the wetland ecological compensation framework, specific implementation scheme and supporting system, aim to coordinate human's benefit between wetland conservation and utilization. Firstly, under the practical research on peasant around Poyang Lake wetland nature reserve using CVM method, then design the rigorous conservation wetland ecological compensation mode in order to compensate positive exterior in wetland conservation; secondly, use the international successful experiences in payment for ecological compensation, design the reasonable utilization wetland compensation mode aim to prevent the negative exterior in wetland utilization, which main content is the planning on wetland compensation tax and fee. Thirdly, based on the status and problem in wetland conservation, design the supporting system for wetland ecological compensation in three aspects, such as law institution, resources management and cooperation institution. |
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