| Located in the northwestern of Fujian Province, Wuyi Mountain is the most outstanding area for biodiversity conservation in southeast China and a refuge for a large number of ancient, relict species, many of them endemic to China. In December 1999, Wuyi Mountain was included on the World Natural and Cultural Heritage List by the 23rd Session of the World Heritage Committee of the UNESCO. Covering a total area of 999.75 km2, it is now the largest of China's World Heritage sites, with the Biodiversity Preserve to the west, Nine-twist Stream Ecological Preserve in the center, Natural Beauty & Cultural Landscape Preserve to the east (i.e. Wuyishan Scenery District) and the ancient Chencun Minyue Relics to the southeast.In order to preserve Wuyi Mountain effectively and analyze the relationship between human activities and landscape structure, the Wuyishan Scenery District was chosen for the case study and was first researched by the theory and methods of landscape ecology. In this paper, the spatial pattern, dynamic and spatial relationships of the Wuyishan Scenery District were studied, several problems in landscape ecology included scale, hierarchy and disturbance were further discussed, the compartment theory and the artificial neural network were first introduced into landscape ecology to simulate the machanism between the landscape diversity and human disturbance and to set up the relationships between the landscape diversity and the number of landscape types, respectively, the heterogereities of forest landscapes were also analyzed in the view of soil and plant species diversity. Finally, the Wuyishan Scenery District was comprehensive evaluated by a new index system includes coordination, particularity, society, graident, etc.. The main conclusions showed as follow.-According to the classification principles of landscape ecology and community ecology, the two-grade landscape classification system of the Wuyishan Scenery District was first set up. The first-grade-landscape included Pinus massoniana forest, Cunninghamia lanceolata forest, economic forest, bamboo forest, broad leaved forest, Camellia sinensis plantation, farmland, river, residential area and bare area in all, and the second-grade-landscape (or element) included four types of Pinus massoniana forest and the other nine first-grade landscape types except Pinus massoniana forest . Among the ten first-grade landscape types, Pinus massoniana forest, Camellia sinensis plantation and farmland were three main components, whose area and perimeter were 84.581 % of the total area and 81.669% of the total perimeter, respectively, and Pinus massoniana forest was dominant in controlling landscape structure, function and dynamic processes.The results of patch characteristics showed that area, perimeter and the number of patches for different landscape elements were very uneven, and the distribution trend of perimeter was similar to that of area, while the relationships between the number of patches and area, perimeter could not be found. From the indices of patch shape, fragmentation, and separation, it could be concluded that river and Pinus massoniana forest were two most complicated landscapes in patch shape and least in fragmentation and separation, while residential area was on the contrary, which was the simplest in patch shape and highest in fragmentation and separation. This proved powerfully that human activity was one of the main factors breaking the landscape into fragments and separation.Six types of probability distribution, which include normal, lognormal, Weibull, Gamma, Beta and negative exponential were chosen to characterize the patches size distribution of the Wuyishan District. The results indicated that more landscape types could be characterized with lognormal distribution, fewer ones could be characterized with Beta distribution and Weibull distribution, and none of them could be characterized with the normal distribution. The patch size distribution was different under three different classifications, that is to say, th...
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