Study On The Problem Of Ecological Compensation In River Basin Of China

Facing the more serious ecological problems,as a kind of tool of processing the world ecological environment problems, people pay a lot of attention to the ecological compensation system. Concreting in the field of river basin ecological compensation, by building a mechanism to achieve the internalization of externality of the basin’s ecological protection, which makes the beneficiary achievements of river basin ecological protection of river basin ecological resources and services in full supply, and take the effective mechanism of incentive and constraint to ensure river basin upstream and downstream related subject to perform the enthusiasm and initiative ecological compensation and ecological protection responsibilities.The first part of this article study the ecological compensation and river basin ecological compensation to draw the conclusion that river basin ecological compensation should be certain means and policy measures. This could lead to the internalization of external watershed ecological protection. Through theoretical innovation, the investor of river basin ecological subject could be made up. Inspiring the related subjects consciously engaged in river basin ecological capital appreciation, This part focuses on the theoretical basis for the establishment of ecological compensation in river basins including the economic basis。 And the ecological basis is mainly reflected in the integrity, relevance and dynamic nature of a river basins, which is an important natural cause of river basins integration and ecological compensation in river basins. The economic basis is mainly reflected in the ecological value theory, the public goods theory, and the environmental regulation theory.The second part of this paper gives a detailed analysis of China’s existing classical cases relating to ecological compensation in river basins: the Develpment in a Strange Land Mode in Zhejiang, as well as the Dongyang-Yiwu water trading mode. the deficiencies now existing in the case is clarified and certain research into the feasibility of establishing China’s ecological compensation in river basins system in the practice level is done. The first problem is the government compensation proportion is much larger than the marketization compensation. The second problem is that single compensation standard, can not reflect the ecological service function value. The third problem is that property right is not clear. The fouth question is confused with poverty alleviation projects, it’s difficult to achieve the purpose of the protection and sustainable utilization of ecosystem services.The fifth problem is government-leading compensation proportion is much larger than the marketlizeation proportion of compensation.The third part of this article discussed the government-led compensation mode abroad river basin ecological compensation and market-leading compensation mode, government-leading way are ecological compensation fund, imposing ecological tax, etc. Market-leading way, emission permits trading in the United States, Costarica Service Environment,New York City Carrying Out The Clean Water Supplyagreement.Thro ugh a basic understanding of these models and a specific analysis of relevant problems.We obtain some beneficial enlightenment for China from the cases. First, the ownership clarity is important premise of establishing river basin ecological compensation system. Second, both government and market can play a role in the ecological compensation.Third, we should choose to adapt to our own situation of compensation mode.Fourth,Reasonable legal system is very important.for the implementation of river basin ecological compensation.The fourth part of this article put forward some some legal Suggestions for the construction of river basin ecological compensation system in our country.Second, the river basin compensation in our country should be clarified.Compensation subject should be determined first.Through analysis we think of river basin ecological compensation mainly refers to the person directly associated with ecological resources.We can determine the main body of river basin ecological compensation operation, namely, the main interest groups, secondary interest groups and the edge of the interest groups.Secondly,we shoud solve the problem of river basin ecological compensation standard.We divided the basin ecological service provider’s compensation standards and standards of river basin ecosystem contributors provided. River basin ecological compensation mode is discussed in the end, it can be divided into the government’s compensation and market compensation mode.Thirdly, we put forward advice that in the river compensation field we can establish marketization mechanism.It is suitable to China’s national conditions.It is just under the national macroeconomic regulation and control, which is determined by the characteristics of the basin.Only by this way,we could fully realize the value of river basin ecological compensation system.