| After 30 years of rapid economic growth and the material supply capacity has rapidly improved in China.However,the supply capacity of clean water and other ecological products,especially high-qualified ecological products is developing at a relative slow pace.Whether the Industrial and drinking water is safe or not affects the people's life and health,as well as the sustainable development of economy and society.The Central Party committee and the governments at different levels attach great importance to the protection and management of.water sources,The 17th,18th and even 19th cpc National Congress held recently have put forward proposals on the construction and improvement of ecological compensation mechanism,and the protection of water environment,with systems.The Chinese government is paying more and more attention to water ecological compensation,on April 28,2016,the State Council issued "On the Improvement of the compensation of this compensation mechanism of Ecological Protection",demanding on implementation allover the river sources areas and centralized drinking water area,and an appropriate increase of the compensation standards.On December 25,2016,the "People's Republic of China Environmental Protection Law" was passed.According to this law,those enterprises and institutions that discharge pollutants shall be taxed for ecological compensation in the future.Zhejiang province has responded positively to the call of the Central Committee,and has taken the protection of drinking water sources as one of the key tasks of the government.According to the actual situation of the province,a series of plans and regulations have been put forward to promote the protection of drinking water sources.As an important component of the upper reaches of Wuxijiang River,Wuxijiang River Basin is an important ecological barrier in Western Zhejiang,and bears special ecological functions.Over the years,people living around this river basin and the government there to protect the ecological environment have made great efforts and sacrifices.The industrial and economic development has been greatly restricted,and the price of resources has been low for a long time.The residents did not get deserved benefits from the protection of the ecological environment,and the gap is gradurally widening with other places in Zhejiang as far as the economic and social level development as concerned.At the same time,there are still some hidden pollution problems in some parts of the water resources in the Wuxijiang River Basin,and the ecological compensation mechanism is far from perfect.Under the background that the construction of ecological civilization is rising to the national strategy,it is urgent to construct and improve the ecological compensation mechanism of the water source area of the Wuxijiang River.A lot of researches have been done on water ecological compensation in academic circles,and fruitful results have been achieved.The research framework of ecological compensation of water resources has been basically formed,and a certain effect has been made on guide the practice of ecological compensation.However,the current theoretical research achievements and speed cannot meet the needs for national and regional ecological civilization construction.There is still a gap between the theoretical research and practical application.A practical application mechanism that is widely recognized and applied hasn't been formed yet.The study has three main limitations.The limitations of the study are main object and subject of ecological compensation of water resources.First,lack specific subdivision method and index system.Second,the research on the ecological compensation standard is still at the exploratory stage and a universal source of ecological compensation evaluation index system and evaluation standard has not yet formed.Third,the long-term mechanism water ecological compensation is not perfect.In view of the existing research shortcomings,this paper first analyzes and views the domestic and foreign research literature about water source ecological compensation,and puts forward the research problems and direction.Secondly,it introduce on the typical case ecological compensation of water resources at home and abroad,analyzes the main problems of ecological compensation mechanism of water source in China an ecological compensation of water sources and put forward the theoretical framework of developing.Then,this paper introduces and analyzes the research area of this paper,and explains in detail the source of the data needed by the research.Thirdly,the ecological compensation measures that have been or are being implemented in Wuxijiang River Basin are listed,and the deficiency of ecological compensation in Wuxijiang River Basin is discussed.Then,the paper analyzes the multiple benefits,compensation objects,and the game between the stakeholders,and uses the contingent valuation method(CVM)to estimate the ecological compensation standard of the water source area of the Wuxijiang River Basin.Finally,based on the previous analysis,the paper puts forward the policy recommendations to improve the ecological compensation mechanism of the water source area of Wuxijiang River.It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to study the ecological compensation mechanism of water source under the background of promoting the construction of ecological civilization and building a beautiful china.This paper consists of eight chapters.Chapter One:Introduction.This chapter includes the background and significance of the study,the research ideas and the main research,research content and main innovation points.Chapter Two:Theory and literature review.This paper first introduces several basic concepts of water sources area,river basin,water source,development right and ecological compensation.Secondly,the theoretical basis of ecological compensation of water source area is introduced,including the ecological theory,the economic theory,sociology and the legal area theory.Among them,the ecological theory part introduces some important theories of ecology,including the ecosystem integrity,the dissipation of the ecosystem structure,the dynamic balance of ecosystem and the service and value of function of ecosystem to humans.The in the part of economic theory part introduces the marginal theory,externality theory,public goods theory,ecological environment value theory and the optimization of resource allocation theory and substitution theory.The literature review the the connotation of ecological compensation of water resources,include the subject and object of ecological compensation of water resources,standard of ecological compensation,the ecological compensation methods and policies.The standard of the ecological compensation of water resources focuses on the ecosystem services value evaluation method,the protection of cost method and the Contingent Valuation Method(CVM).At present,the major methods in ecological compensation implementation are fiscal transfer payment,regional compensation policy,tax system,ecological environment and ecological environment project.The limitations of the existing studies are mainly reflected in:the subject and object of ecological compensation for water sources need to be further clarified,the ecological compensation standards are still difficult to determine,and the long-term mechanism of ecological compensation of water sources has not yet been perfected.Chapter Three:The interpretation of the domestic and foreign practical cases and experience of water source ecological compensation.The foreign practice of ecological compensation of water resources includes the introduction of clean water supply agreement in New York,America,the Delaware River Basin and the Catskills River Basin ecological compensation,the pollution management of the Elbe River Basin of using the cross-boarder ecological compensation in Germany and the implementation of water ecological compensation in Japan.In the domestic practice of ecological compensation of water source area,this paper first introduces the practice of ecological compensation of water source area at the national level.Secondly,by taking Hunan province,Fujian province and Zhejiang province as the representative,this paper introduces the practice of ecological compensation,and analyzes its experience and shortcomings.Among them,the practice of ecological compensation of water source in Hunan province mainly analyzes the problems of forest ecological compensation,water source ecological compensation and the over basin ecological compensation.The ecological compensation analysis in Fujian province mainly introduces the specific practices and compensation standards in the river basin ecological compensation and the analysis of the effect and experience of ecological compensation.In the practice of ecological compensation in water source in Zhejiang province mainly analyzes the water rights transaction and land development,and the need of further improvement.Chapter Four:The establishment of theoretical framework of the ecological compensation mechanism of water sources.This part first analyzes the definition and connotation of the ecological compensation mechanism of water sources,and the major problems existing in the ecological compensation mechanism of water sources in China.Secondly,this paper introduces the basic principles of establishing ecological compensation mechanism of water sources.These principles include:the principle of fairness and justice,the principle of the polluter pays,beneficial owner pays,the protectors benefits the principle that government takes the leading role with combination of the market,operational principle,and the principle of transparency.Then comes the decomposition of being of the ecological compensation mechanism of water target.They include:the ultimate goal,the incentive oriented goals,selective,performance goals and the goals of management optimization.Finally,the separation of the target of ecological compensation mechanism of water source is explained,including the separation of ecological compensation and other ecological compensation,the separation of government compensation and market compensation,and the separation of compensation from different capital channels.Chapter Five:The general situation and data sources of the study area.In the part of the general situation of the study area,this paper mainly introduces the location characteristics,ecological value,the main ecological environment problems,and the social and economic development of the Wuxijiang River Basin.The data used in this paper are mainly derived from public statistical data and first-hand data obtained from field surveys.Chapter Six:The basis of ecological compensation,the implementation of ecological compensation measures and deficiencies in the Wuxijiang River Basin.This chapter first analyzes the economic basis and policy basis of ecological compensation in Wuxijiang River Basin.Secondly,it introduces the the measures that have been or are being implemented relating to water ecological compensation in the Wuxijiang River Basin.These measures include:compensation for the ecological forest,the price gap of grains for the mirgrants in the riverior,ecological forests,the mirgrants in the riverior,the rural collective production,the reservoir,the water resource,and other special funds.Finally,it analyzes the deficiency of ecological compensation in Wuxijiang River Basin.For example,the main ecological compensation standard is low,the price system problems needs to be solved of"Wuyin" project.The ecological compensation object is fuzzy.And issue like the balance between fairness,justice and efficiency needs to further improvements..Chapter Seven:The design of ecological compensation mechanism for the water source area of Wuxijiang River.This chapter is divided into four parts;the first is the economic foundation of market of ecological compensation of water resources.The second is the analysis of multiple benefits in the Wuxijiang River water sources area and interests of stakeholders,including the water for production and its stakeholders,water for daily life and its stakeholders and water ecological use and its stakeholders.The third is the ecological compensation object and its benefit game and the analysis of the compensation subject and obj ect of the ecological compensation,as well as the interest game of each subject.The fourth,the analysis of ecological compensation standard in the water source area of Wuxijiang River Basin Based on CVM was carried out,and the ecological compensation willingness of the Wuxijiang River Basin was investigated and evaluated.Chapter Eight:The policy recommendations to improve the ecological compensation mechanism of the water source area of Wuxijiang River.The proposed policy recommendations are as follows:to improve laws and regulations on water ecological compensation,the set up special funds for establishment for Wuxijiang River drinking water source protection,to specify the position of the government,of the water source sites to optimize the property to and to improve public participation in water ecological compensation mechanism,to broaden the direct compensation channels for residents in the water resource sites,to improve the standard of compensation,to focus on residents,and to increase the "blood type" compensation efforts,and to improve the development ability of the Wuxijiang River Reservior. |
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