Research On The Subject System Of Ecological Compensation In The Basin Of China

The definition of the main body of ecological compensation in the river basin is the foundation of basin ecological compensation.However,the current theoretical circle has not yet been able to provide an accurate definition of the standard,which has hindered the development of ecological compensation in the basin.The definition of the compensation subject resolves the question of "who compensates whom" and it is closely related to the theoretical basis of ecological compensation for solving the problem of "why should someone compensate another one?",which should include the former.All compensation comes from a certain imbalance of interests,and ecological compensation in the basin is no exception.The theoretical basis of basin ecological compensation should be derived from the universality of the basin's ecological environmental obligations and the differences in its direct performance.The universality of obligations requires that each entity has the same obligation,and that the difference of the direct performance of the obligation is the specific imbalance in the performance of environmental obligations.This is the basis and standard by which the specific subject can take the right to accept compensation or be obliged to pay compensation.The specific quantification of the direct performance of the environmental responsibility for the ecological compensation of the river basin shall be determined by the environmental economic accounting system,and the difference between the environmental cost of the specific subject's activity obtained through the accounting of the environmental economic system and the expenses incurred by the protection of the environment shall be taken as determining the specific direct performance of its environmental obligations.If the difference is positive,that is,the environmental cost is greater than the cost of protecting the environmental expenditure,which means that the entity as a whole has not fulfilled its environmental obligations,and it should compensate the entity whose difference is zero or negative.However,considering the history of consumption of environmental costs by various regional main body,when the regional entities are in the positive balance,it is also necessary to compensate areas with smaller differences from areas with larger differences in order to realize the reality of basin ecological compensation and the fairness of history.As for whether the aforementioned positive and negative balances of each entity offset each other to what level to achieve sustainable development of the ecological environment of the river basin,it requires the state to formulate a mandatory river basin ecological environment standard according to the requirements of environmental carrying capacity and implement it.