| Since the 18th national congress of the communist party of China?CPC?,the Chinese government has made ecological progress a strategic priority for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.At present,in the process of ecological civilization construction in arid inland river basin,there are still some basic problems,such as unclear connotation of ecological capital,difficulty in service value accounting and extensive ecological compensation.For arid inland river basin,the water conservation service ecosystem provides a kind of renewable ecological capital to human beings.As long as we use it prudently and protect it actively,the ecosystem will continue to provide to the outside world.However,due to natural and human factors,the water conservation function of Shiyang river basin shrinks,land desertification intensifies,and desert vegetation declines.The above-mentioned ecological degradation directly leads to the decrease of ecological capital supply in Shiyang river basin,and it is difficult to realize the transformation from"green mountains"to"golden mountains".This study takes Shiyang river in Gansu province as the case area,extracts the connotation of ecological capital,selects water conservation services in the ecosystem services to represent ecological capital,and uses various technical methods to analyze the compensation of ecological capital.On the basis of existing research results,this paper defines the concept and connotation in continental river basin in arid ecological capital,from the perspective of economics of ecological capital compensation logic analysis,this study tried to solve the problem of ecological capital compensation in the following:first,in continental river basin in arid ecological capital supply how much?What is the value of the service?Second,the relationship between simulated land use scenarios and changes in ecological capital supply?Make clear the goal of ecological capital compensation.Thirdly,the paper analyzes the relationship between compensation price,conversion ratio and ecological capital compensation standard in the process of land use conversion.Fourthly,as the provider of ecological capital,how much will farmers and herdholders be compensated?And what factors affect the amount of compensation?Based on the above questions,this study tries to make a beneficial attempt to answer the key questions of ecological capital compensation.The following conclusions were obtained respectively:First,through to the Shiyang river basin is the implementation of land use conversion project is analyzed,such as"Grain-for-Green Programme","non-grazing"and a series of ecological construction,collecting statistical data,combined with field investigation results,many times by using dynamic game analysis method,to evaluate the current ecological compensation,behind the analysis of the central government and the government at the county level,the government and the game behavior and mechanism of fanning and grazing household.The results show that:?1?The ecological capital compensation policy of the central government system should take into account the factors such as the county government's efforts in land use conversion projects,risk aversion characteristics and ecological capital supply,so as to maximize the interests of both parties.?2?As the"maker"and"implementer"of ecological compensation,at the beginning of the design of ecological compensation,the compensation standard could not effectively compensate farmers and herdsmen's participation cost and opportunity cost,and farmers and herdsmen's livelihood demands were often ignored,resulting in a relatively inefficient sub-game refined Nash equilibrium?insufficient compensation and negative participation?.The government should choose full compensation strategy in land use conversion to solve the problem of negative participation of farmers and herdsmen,so as to improve land use conversion area and increase the supply of ecological capital.Secondly,this paper used InVest model to conduct a quantitative analysis on the changes of ecological capital supply and spatial pattern in Shiyang river basin in 2000and 2015 after the localization of parameters.?1?In the past 15 years,the supply capacity of ecological capital in Shiyang river basin has been improved.The supply capacity of unit ecological capital has increased from 67679.61 yuan/year in 2000 to75541.11 yuan/year in 2015.The spatial distribution pattern of unit average ecological capital supply capacity and total ecological capital supply decreased gradually from the upstream to the downstream.?2?The supply capacity of ecological capital has increased from 40.09×108 hundred million/year in 2000 to 44.79×108hundred million/year in 2015.Sunan county and Tianzhu county have the highest unit ecological capital supply capacity,which was 12.27×108 hundred million/year in 2000and 15.71×108 hundred million/year in 2015.The middle and lower reaches of Shiyang river basin are the low value areas of ecological capital supply capacity,mainly distributed in Minqin,Jinchang and other places.?3?From the perspective of unit average ecological capital supply capacity of different land use types,the order is:forest land,>,high coverage grass land,>,low coverage grass land,>,arable land,>,water area,>construction land,and>unused land.Third,from 2000 to 2015,land use changes in Shiyang river basin mainly concentrated in the conversion between cultivated land,forest land,grassland and unused land.From the perspective of land use conversion and ecological capital supply,returning farmland to forest has the highest contribution to improving ecological capital supply,followed by returning farmland to grass and banning grazing on grassland.The results show that:?1?Through Invest simulation,Shiyang river basin can convert suitable land into"Grain-for-Green Programme"and"non-grazing",and ecological capital supply reaches 59.68×108 hundred million/year,56.58×108 hundred million/year and 48.99×108 hundred million/year.?2?This paper USES Global Optimization Toolbox in Matlab2017a?Global Matlab Optimization Toolbox?,is"reserved cultivated land","returning farmland and grassland"and"grassland grazing prohibition","returning farmland to forest"conversion type classification conditions?T1=11.98,T2=30.11,T3=59.97?,and determine the Shiyang river basin is suitable for returning farmland and grassland area of 658800 mu,appropriate grassland grazing prohibition area of 245500 mu,is suitable for returning farmland to forest area of 111000 mu.Fourthly,the land use conversion cost of the ecological capital provider is obtained through questionnaire survey,and the minimum data method is used according to the implementation of the existing projects such as returning farmland to forest?grass?,grazing prohibition and so on Matlab2017a software was used to simulate the relationship between ecological capital supply and ecological compensation standard under different land use scenarios.The results show that:?1?The current compensation standard for Land use conversion is seriously low,if the project of returning farmland to forest?grass?proceeds to farmers and herdsmen according to the simulated scenario 3?569.14 yuan/mu in Tianzhu county,538.68yuan/mu in Sunan county,1490 yuan/mu in Minqin county,1671.44 yuan/mu,1907.92 yuan/mu in Yongchang county,Jinchang county in 1380.41 yuan/mu,Gulang county,651.45 yuan/mu?,most farmers and herders can be encouraged to convert their arable land into woodland or grassland Achieve the ideal target of the supply of ecological capital for converting cropland to forest?grass??1.97×108 M3/year in Tianzhu county,1.46×108 m3/year in Sunan county,0.12×108 m3/year in Minqin county,0.39×108 m3/year in Wuwei city,0.41×108 m3/year in Yongchang county,5.37×104 m3/year in Jinchang and 0.51×108 m3/year in Gulang county?.?2?If the non-grazing project can compensate farmers and herdsmen according to the scenario 3?247.94 yuan/mu in Tianzhu county and 120.43 yuan/mu in Sunan county?,the supply of ecological capital can be achieved by grazing ban on grassland?0.35×108 m3/Year in Tianzhu county and 0.42×108 m3/year in Sunan county?.?3?It is difficult for the present ecological compensation to cover the cost of the county government and the fanning and grazing household in the land use conversion Shiyang River Basin Ecological Compensation Fund ratio is less than 1542,083.34million yuan?Tianzhu county 245,323.2 million yuan,Sunan county 205,977.53million yuan,Minqin county 52,761.06 million yuan,Wuwei city 425,603.06 million yuan,Yongchang county 409,192.36 million yuan,Jinchang county 40,859.7 million yuan and Jinchang county 199,140.16 million yuan?.Fifth,it can be seen from Bayesian estimation that there are significant land type and spatial differences in the compensation willingness of farmers and herdsmen in Shiyang river basin.The results showed that:?1?In terms of land type,the amount of compensation willingness of farmers in Shiyang river basin was significantly higher than that of grassland?828.97 yuan/mu of farmland,185.51 yuan/mu of grassland?.?2?From the perspective of space,the fanning and grazing household of Tianzhu county and Sunan county compensation willingness is significantly lower than the middle and lower Minqin county,Yongchang county,Jinchang city,Wuwei city,Gulang county.?3?Using linear regression analysis method and quantile regression analysis method,the factors affecting the amount of fanning and grazing household's payments will include fanning and grazing household's age,education level,family labor quantity/grass land,family,family income,degree of water resources,cultivated land grass to convert the ecological benefit evaluation,ecological capital of recognition,etc. |
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