Research On The Impact Of Human Capital On The Relative Poverty Of Farmers And Herdsmen In Tibet

Since the reform and opening up,China’s poverty reduction strategy has achieved significant results.In 2020,all rural poor people will be lifted out of poverty,absolute poverty will be eliminated,regional and overall poverty will be solved,and the fight against poverty will be comprehensively won.The solution to the problem of absolute poverty does not mean the total elimination of poverty,but rather manifests itself in the form of relative poverty.The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19 th CPC Central Committee clearly pointed out the establishment of a long-term mechanism to address relative poverty.In the post poverty alleviation era,how to solve the problem of relative poverty has become an important task in the new development stage.Among the various factors affecting poverty reduction,the role of human capital is far greater than that of physical capital.Therefore,from the perspective of human capital,exploring its role in the relative poverty of farmers and alleviating the relative gap have significant theoretical and practical significance for the realization of rural revitalization.This article takes 1104 farmers and herdsmen in Tibet as the research object,follows the idea of "problem posing-theoretical analysis-empirical analysis-countermeasures and suggestions",uses a combination of theoretical and empirical methods to study how human capital affects relative poverty.On this basis,based on relevant theories,an indicator system for the relative poverty of farmers and herdsmen in Tibet was established.Using the A-F method,the relative poverty level of farmers and herdsmen in Tibet was measured and decomposed,and the contribution rates of the single dimensional relative poverty level,multi-dimensional relative poverty level,and relative poverty index were calculated.At the same time,by analyzing the current situation of human capital of farmers and herdsmen in Tibet,we use the logit model to analyze the impact of human capital on the relative poverty of farmers and herdsmen in Tibet.The main research conclusions are as follows.(1)There are different levels of poverty in income and rights of Tibetan farmers and herdsmen.The incidence of poverty in per capita annual income is about 30%,and the incidence of poverty in participation in political activities in2021 and 2022 is 68.5% and 59.8% respectively.The incidence of poverty in participation in political and economic activities in 2021 is higher than that in2022.When k=0.3,the highest incidence of relative poverty is in Changdu.The incidence of relative poverty among farmers and herdsmen in Changdu City is93.9%,the share of relative poverty deprivation is 0.895,and the relative poverty index is 0.841.After decomposing the multidimensional relative poverty index of farmers and herdsmen,it is concluded that the per capita annual income of farmers and herdsmen contributes the most to the relative poverty index.When the deprivation critical value K becomes larger,the degree of family poverty gradually deepens,and the incidence of multidimensional relative poverty gradually decreases.(2)The analysis of the current situation of human capital of farmers and herdsmen in Tibet found that the overall educational and cultural level of farmers and herdsmen was low,mainly concentrated in the illiteracy and primary school stages,accounting for more than 50%.Education expenditure is relatively low,with 50% of rural and pastoral households spending less than2000 yuan on education per capita;Farmers and herdsmen have a low level of awareness of disease prevention and risk,and are not highly motivated to participate in agricultural and non agricultural skills training.(3)Empirical analysis shows that human capital has a significant impact on the relative poverty of farmers and herdsmen in Tibet.Education has significantly alleviated the relative poverty of farmers and herdsmen.The higher the level of education received by farmers and herdsmen,the lower the probability of relative poverty;health significantly alleviates the relative poverty of farmers and herdsmen.The healthier the health of farmers and herdsmen,the lower the probability of relative poverty;Training significantly alleviates the relative poverty of farmers and herdsmen.Farmers and herdsmen who participate in skill training have a lower probability of relative poverty,and the poverty reduction effect of non agricultural skill training is greater than that of agricultural skill training.Based on the specific situation in Tibet,this article proposes countermeasures and suggestions for alleviating relative poverty from the aspects of education,health,and training: first,continue to increase investment in education and improve the allocation of educational resources;increase investment in education in Tibet and ensure the implementation of the right to education.The second is to improve health quality and improve the medical insurance system;improve the medical insurance system and reduce the proportion of personal payments.Third,improve the cognitive ability of farmers and herdsmen in skills training and comprehensively improve their skills.