| Since the report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,China has carried out a new round of rural land rights confirmation work.Its main feature is the "separation of three rights." It is the latest progress in the reform of Chinese rural land system and an important institutional innovation in Chinese rural land reform.With the advancement of rural land right confirmation,the problems of land fragmentation distribution,low utilization rate of land resources and small scale of land management in rural areas have been effectively alleviated,and the scale of land transfer has been expanding year by year.According to the statistics of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,by the end of 2019,Chinese rural household contracted farmland area was 1.545 billion mu,of which the circulation area was 5.55 billion mu,and the national soil circulation rate was about 35.6 %.In some developed areas such as Beijing,Shanghai,Jiangsu and Zhejiang,the land circulation rate even exceeded 50%.Objectively speaking,land transfer has optimized the allocation of rural land and labor resources,promoted the transformation of agricultural modernization,and gradually become an important means to develop the appropriate scale of agriculture and increase farmers’ income.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to analyze how land transfer affects the household income of different farmers,which is helpful to provide theoretical and empirical basis for the government to formulate and implement relevant land transfer policies,village collectives to adjust land management methods,and farmers to increase personal income.The data source of this paper is China Family Panel Studies(CFPS).This investigation comprehensively reflects Chinese changes in population,education,health,economy and society by tracking data from the three levels of community,family and individual.It has certain national representativeness and can be used as the data basis for empirical measurement of the income effect of land transfer on farmers.At the theoretical level,based on the existing policies,data and literature,combined with property rights theory,labor transfer theory,scale economy theory,land rent theory,and farmer behavior theory,this paper comprehensively analyzes the impact of land transfer on the income of different generations of farmers from an intergenerational perspective.At the empirical level,from the perspective of intergenerational differences,based on the 2018 China Family Panel Studies data,combined with Logit regression model and propensity score matching method,this paper measures the impact of land transfer on the total income of farmers’ households and their different incomes,and analyzes the income effect of land transfer between different generations.The empirical results show that: on the whole,land transfer-out and land transfer-in can bring 19.72% and 13.88% growth to the total income of rural households respectively.Among them,land transfer-out mainly promotes the growth of rural total household income by increasing the farmers’ wage income and property income,while land transfer-in mainly promotes the growth of operating income of rural households to increase the total income level of the peasant household.From the intergenerational perspective,The total income growth path of rural households in different generations is different.For elderly farmers,land transfer significantly reduces the operating income of farmers,but the increased property income and transfer income of farmers’ land transfer cover the loss of farmers’ operating income,thus increasing the total income of farmers’ households;land transfer mainly increases the total household income level by increasing its household operating income.For middle-aged farmers,land transfer-out significantly reduces the operating income of farmers,but has a significant positive effect on the wage income and property income of farmers.The increased income of the two covers the loss of operating income,thus increasing the total income of farmers.Although land transfer-in significantly increases the operating income of middle-aged peasant households,it has a significant negative effect on their wage income and property income,and the increase in operating income is difficult to cover land rent expenditure and wage losses.Therefore,land transfer has no significant impact on the total income of middle-aged peasant households.For young farmers,the farmland resources held by young farmers are relatively small,and it is difficult for them to transfer land to have a significant effect on their family income and its components.However,land transfer can release the surplus labor force of young farmers’ families,improve the utilization rate of idle farmland,and increase the wage income and property income of young farmers’ families,thus increasing the total income of farmers’ families.Based on the above analysis,this paper also provides reasonable suggestions for the government in formulating and implementing related to land transfer policies and village collective regulation of land management methods. |
