Efficiency And Influencing Factors Of Livelihood Interventions Of Out-of-poverty Farming Households In Mountainous Areas

As a systematic external intervention in China’s post-poverty era,livelihood interventions not only help to achieve sustainable livelihoods for out-of-poverty farming households,but also contribute to the effective implementation of rural revitalization strategies.Exploring the efficiency of livelihood interventions is an important yardstick to test the success of interventions.Based on this,this paper takes the Longnan mountainous areas located in the hinterland of the Western Qinling Mountains as the study area,bases the survey data of out-of-poverty farming households,constructs the evaluation index system of the livelihood intervention efficiency of mountainous out-of-poverty farming households from the input-output dimension,uses the stochastic frontier production function model(SFA)to measure the efficiency of out-of-poverty farming households’ livelihood interventions,and take Tobit regression model to analyze the key factors influencing the efficiency of livelihood interventions of out-of-poverty farming households in the Longnan mountainous areas.The results show that:(1)Out-of-poverty farming households in the Longnan Mountains areas all enjoyed two or more types of supportive measures.Among them,the proportion of outof-poverty farming households enjoying the combination of "industrial support +employment support" is the highest,accounting for 25.43%,followed by the combination of "industrial support + employment support + health support",while the proportion of out-of-poverty farming households enjoying the combination of "industrial support + employment support + health support + underwriting support +education support " was the lowest,at 1.73%.(2)The mean value of well-being for out-of-poverty farming households in the Longnan Mountainous areas is 0.3504,and a total of 49.83% of out-of-poverty farming households are more satisfied with their current living status;there are large differences in the well-being levels of out-of-poverty farming households in different landscape type zones,dependency ratios,and livelihood strategies.Among them,the level of wellbeing was lower in high mountainous areas,high dependency ratios,and subsidized out-of-poverty farming households.In terms of the dimensions,out-of-poverty farming households in the Longnan mountainous areas have higher scores in the dimensions of safety,social relations,education level and health status,while they have lower scores in income and basic living materials,and the well-being of out-of-poverty farming households in different regions also shows large differences in the different dimensions.In particular,the per capita annual income of out-of-poverty farming households in the high mountains areas is significantly higher than that in the semi-mountains and valley areas,but their level of basic living materials and security is lower;and the valley areas has the lowest level of social relations,but the highest level of education and health status.(3)The mean value of livelihood intervention efficiency of out-of-poverty farming households in the Longnan mountainous areas is 0.1274,with 57.87% of out-of-poverty farming households with low livelihood intervention efficiency and only 8.39% of outof-poverty farming households with high livelihood intervention efficiency;There are obvious differentiation characteristics of different types of out-of-poverty farming households’ livelihood intervention efficiency,with higher livelihood intervention efficiency in farmers who escape from poverty at a later stage,in high mountainous areas,and those whose main livelihood strategies are characteristically farm-led and labor-led.(4)The key factors influencing the efficiency of livelihood interventions of outof-poverty farming households’ in Longnan mountains areas differed,with endogenous motivation,transportation convenience and altitude had a significant positive effect on the efficiency of livelihood interventions,while the ease of selling agricultural products had a significant negative effect on the efficiency of livelihood interventions.The interactions of household size and endogenous motivation,frequency of natural disasters and endogenous motivation,and market environment and endogenous motivation weakened the original negative effects of household size,frequency of natural disasters,and ease of selling agricultural products on the efficiency of livelihood interventions of out-of-poverty farming households;while the interactions of transportation convenience and endogenous motivation,network coverage and endogenous motivation,and altitude and endogenous motivation strengthened the original positive effects of altitude,transportation convenience,and network coverage on the efficiency of livelihood interventions of out-of-poverty farming households.Based on this,we propose to continue to increase investment,develop industries according to local conditions,rely on e-commerce platforms,focus on rural talent training,and improve the endogenous motivation of out-of-poverty farming households to promote the further improvement of the efficiency of livelihood interventions in out-of-poverty mountainous areas.