Influence Of Livelihood Capitals On Livelihood Strategy Of Precise Poverty Alleviation Households

More than 700 million people who living in poverty have gotten of poverty since China implements reforming and opening up.The number of people who living in poverty in China reached 770 million in 1978 and 165.67 million in 2010 with the poverty rate of 17.2%.It was only 43.35 million people who living in poverty by 2016,and the rate of poverty had dropped to 4.5%.The number of people who living in poverty had decreased,the number of precise poverty alleviation households had increased,and precise poverty alleviation has achieved remarkable results.However,poverty alleviation is not a temporary pursuit.It is important to achieve sustainable poverty alleviation and long-term development for people who living in poverty.Precise poverty alleviation is more fundamental in ensuring the sustainability.General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that“the poverty alleviation must grasp the changes of the dynamics of poverty" and we must pay special attention to the sustainable development of people who living in poverty after poverty alleviation.Some regions have high rate of returning to poverty in China due to poor natural conditions,backward social and economic conditions.poverty alleviation is frequent and apt to occur.The rate of poverty in the ethnic regions of southwest and northwest is more than 60%,and the return of poverty is severe.There are even more people return to poverty in some areas than the number of people out of poverty.Youyang Country of Chongqing is the National Poverty County that integrates revolutionary old areas,ethnic areas,poverty-stricken areas,remote western mountainous regions and key ecological function areas.Therefore,taking Youyang County of Chongqing as an example,analysis the influence of livelihood capital on the livelihood strategy of precise poverty alleviation households is of great significance for improving the livelihoods capital,optimizing livelihood strategies,consolidating the results of poverty reduction,achieving permanent poverty reduction,and promoting sustainable livelihoods.This paper takes Youyang County of Chongqing as an example,and obtains relevant data on the livelihood capital and livelihood strategy of precise poverty alleviation households through on-the-spot investigations.It comprehensively evaluates the livelihood capital value of precise poverty alleviation households,summarizes the types of livelihood strategy,and analyzes the important influence factors of livelihood capital on livelihood strategy based on Logistic model.The main research contents of this paper are:(1)Research on sustainable livelihoods,livelihood capital,and livelihood strategy at home and abroad,define relevant concepts such as precise poverty alleviation households,and sort out related theories such as sustainable livelihood;(2)Analyze development and precise poverty alleviation of Youyang County of Chongqing,find out the advantages and disadvantages of the regional development,and analyze the difficulties faced by the Youyang County;(3)Evaluate livelihood capital reserves by constructing suitable livelihood capital index system,and analyze the livelihood strategy;(4)Research on the influence of livelihood capital on livelihood strategy of precise poverty alleviation households,and find out the fact how livelihood capital affects the type and change of livelihood strategy;(5)Propose recommendations for improving livelihood capital,transforming livelihood strategies,and achieving sustainable livelihoods of precise poverty alleviation households based on theoretical analysis and empirical results.Conclusions are drawn:(1)The total evaluation of livelihood capital of precise poverty alleviation households is only 1.521,which is relatively weak.The natural capital value is 0.494,the human capital value is 0.273,the material capital value is 0.307,the social capital value is 0.220,the financial capital value is 0.226,and the evaluation value of every kind of livelihood capital is not high.(2)In the survey sample,there are 94 households,with a proportion of 40.52%select agricultural-basing livelihood strategy;There are 70 households,with a proportion of 30.17%select purely agricultural strategy;There are 57 households,with a proportion of 24.57%select concurrent farming strategy;Lastly is non-agricultural,which have 11 households,with a proportion of 4.70%.Under the current livelihood strategy,precise poverty alleviation households are faced with these problems,such as,no stable economic income,lacking of knowledge or skills and other livelihood pressures.They hope that the government can provide relevant assistance to achieve further development.(3)The livelihood capital of precise poverty alleviation households influences the choice and transformation of livelihood strategy.Natural capital and material capital have a positive effect on the choice of pure agricultural livelihood strategy.Natural capital,human capital,material capital and social capital have a positive effect on the choice of agricultural-basing livelihood strategy.Human capital,social capital and financial capital have a positive effect on the choice of concurrent farming livelihood strategy.It is concluded that the human capital,social capital and financial capital have a positive effect on the conversion of livelihood strategy from the pure agricultural type to the agricultural-basing type;Human capital,social capital and financial capital have a positive effect on the conversion of livelihood strategy from the pure agricultural type to the concurrent farming type.The following policy recommendations are proposed based on the above findings:(1)Increase livelihood capital stock.Improve the efficiency of natural capital utilization,and the status of physical capital ownership,strengthen the ability to cultivate social capital,promote the improvement of human capital quality,and improve the quality of financial capital services.(2)Optimize livelihood strategy and enhance livelihood capabilities.The appropriate livelihood strategy is selected based on the stock and combination precise poverty alleviation households' livelihood capital,and livelihood strategy are actively optimized based on the changes of livelihood capital.(3)Adhere sustainable development and ensure the effectiveness of poverty alleviation.Improve infrastructure,enhance regional development potential;increase social security levels,achieve full coverage of medical insurance;strengthen environmental awareness and ecological protection.