Factors Influencing The Efficiency Of Grain Trade Between China And Countries Along The "Belt And Road" And Countermeasures

The phrase "Of the eight policies of Hong Fan,food is the first" indicates that food security has always been a top priority for national security.In 2013,President Xi Jinping proposed the "The Belt and Road" initiative to promote economic and technological exchanges between countries,responding to the need for peaceful,stable and sustainable partnerships around the world.In 2022,the 20 th Party Congress report emphasised the need to accelerate the building of a strong agricultural country and to strengthen the foundations of food security.With the impact of the "double-cycle" development pattern on the international economic environment,natural disasters and geopolitical tensions,is China’s food trade with countries along " the Belt and Road" more or less efficient? What are the factors that affect trade efficiency?Based on this,this paper takes China’s grain trade with countries along " the Belt and Road" as the research object,and through a combination of literature analysis,theoretical analysis and empirical analysis,clarifies the current situation of grain trade between China and countries along " the Belt and Road",measures the efficiency of grain The study also presents an empirical analysis of the factors affecting the efficiency of grain import and export trade from the perspective of the "five-pronged approach",and finally proposes countermeasures to improve the efficiency of grain trade.The specific research contents are as follows:Firstly,we analysis the current situation of grain trade between China and countries along" the Belt and Road".The results show that: the overall trade scale exhibits the characteristics of "high import and low export",with the quantity of imported grain increasing and reaching a new high of more than 10 million tons in 2021;In terms of trade varieties,the quantities of maize,rice,barley,wheat and soybean imports are decreasing in turn,but in terms of exports,the quantities of all five food crops exported are very small;in terms of regional characteristics,the countries importing and exporting food are relatively concentrated,with imports mainly concentrated in Europe,Asia and South America,and exports mainly concentrated in Africa and Asia.Secondly,we analysis the efficiency of grain import and export trade between China and countries along the "Belt and Road".Through the stochastic frontier gravity model,it is found that China’s GDP,Chinese population,Chinese labor power,labor power of trading countries,geographical distance,and common language all affect the efficiency of import and export trade,but the GDP of trading countries only affects exports;further study finds that the overall trade efficiency between China and countries along the"Belt and Road" is low,which indicates that Further research found that the overall trade efficiency between China and the countries along " the Belt and Road" is low,which indicates that there is much room for optimising the efficiency of grain import and export trade between most of the countries along the route and China.Next,we analysis the factors affecting the efficiency of grain trade.By sorting out relevant trade theories,relevant indicators are constructed from the perspective of the "five channels",and through the trade inefficiency model,we analysis how the "five channels" affect the efficiency of import and export trade.The empirical results show that the "five-pronged approach"" contribute to the overall efficiency of import and export of food trade,but the indicators included in the dimensions of"policy coordination,connectivity of infrastructure,unimpeded trade,financial integration and closer people-to-people ties" have inconsistent effects on the efficiency of import trade and export trade.Finally,based on the results of the theoretical and empirical analyses,countermeasures are proposed at four levels: narrowing regional trade efficiency differences,improving the trade cooperation environment,enhancing trade efficiency and building a longterm trade mechanism to continuously improve food trade efficiency,with a view to providing policy references for building a regional food security community and promoting high-quality food trade development.