Measurement And Influencing Factors Analysis Of Open Economy Development Level In Northern China

Promoting open development has been the main driving force behind China’s economic success.With the deepening of openness in various fields and levels,there are significant differences in the development level of open economies among different regions in China.Among them,the northern region,due to its vast territory and wide geographic span,exhibits notable variations in the depth and scope of open economic development among different provinces and regions,posing major obstacles and challenges to achieving higher-level openness in the country.This article,based on the principles of comparative advantage and trade competition theory,constructs an evaluation system for the level of open economic development and utilizes entropy weight method,coefficient of variation method,and spatial autocorrelation analysis method to measure and examine the trends and influencing factors of openness in the northern region.Based on the research findings,policy recommendations are provided,which hold important theoretical and practical significance in overcoming the development challenges of open economies in the northern region and building a higher-level open economy.Firstly,this article conducts a literature review and summarizes the research achievements and theoretical foundations of domestic and international studies on open economies,the measurement of open economic development level,and the influencing factors of open economies.Secondly,based on the connotation of an open economy,this article systematically analyzes the development overview of the open economy in the northern region of China from four aspects: trade openness,industrial openness,investment openness,and tourism openness during the period from 2009 to 2021.Finally,this article conducts research on the open economy in the northern region from three perspectives.Firstly,by constructing an evaluation index system for the level of open economic development in the northern region and using the entropy weight method,the open development level of the three major regions in the north is measured and analyzed.Secondly,the coefficient of variation method and spatial autocorrelation analysis method are employed to study the open development level and its variation trend in the northern region.Thirdly,both the spatial autoregressive(SAR)model and the spatial error model(SEM)are used,along with the ordinary panel model,for comparative analysis,examining the mutual influence and factors of the open economies in the northern region.The research findings indicate that:(1)The overall level of open economic development in the northern region of China shows a steady upward trend and significant differences among regions.Among them,the North China region is relatively higher,followed by the Northeast region with a slight lag,and the Northwest region significantly lags behind.(2)The development gap among the three major regions in the northern part of China is decreasing overall and exhibits significant spatial correlation and agglomeration characteristics.(3)Five factors,namely technological innovation level,human capital level,industrial structure,free trade zones,and infrastructure level,have significant impacts on the degree of openness in the northern region.Lastly,based on the research findings,this article proposes five recommendations to enhance the level of open economic development in the northern region of China and narrow the regional disparities:(1)Increase investment in human capital and cultivate and attract high-quality talents.(2)Implement an innovation strategy for opening up and broaden the scope of openness.(3)Accelerate industrial upgrading and cultivate emerging industries with competitive advantages.(4)Strengthen the institutional construction and openness of free trade zones to promote high-quality economic development.(5)Enhance infrastructure construction standards and promote interregional coordinated development.