Based On The Perspective Of Labor Mobility Study On Sustainable Agricultural Development In Mexico

Mexico is an important developing country in Latin America,which has great similarity with China’s economic and social development,especially in agriculture..Mexico’s climate is complex and diverse,suitable for the growth of a variety of crops,especially corn,wheat,tomato,potato output is the highest,four types of agricultural products account for 75% of the total agricultural products;Its coastline is long,pasture area is vast,aquatic products and animal husbandry products are abundant,agriculture plays an important role in its national economy.Agricultural production is the foundation to support economic and social development.Agricultural labor force,as the key factor of agricultural production,plays a decisive role in guaranteeing the supply of agricultural products,promoting the progress of agricultural technology and realizing the sustainable development of agriculture.Mexico has a labor force of 57.1422 million,and the agricultural employment population accounts for about 13%,mainly in the 25-59 age group,with male and female employment accounts for18.12% and 3.49%,respectively.The number and structure of "farmers" are constantly changing.Agricultural labor flow increases the average age of local labor force,making it difficult to improve productivity and sustainable agricultural development.Therefore,this paper explores its important role in agricultural sustainable development from the perspective of labor flow,provides valuable experience reference for the current implementation of high-quality agriculture and rural revitalization,and provides guidance for future development,which has important theoretical and practical significance.In order to explore the impact of agricultural labor flow on agricultural sustainability,this paper made an in-depth analysis of the changes of agricultural labor force and agricultural development in Mexico in the past 40 years based on the data of agricultural labor force and agricultural sustainable development in Mexico from 1980 to 2019 in the process of analysis of influencing factors.The empirical study selected the density of rural population,the percentage of agricultural employment in total employment,the number of rural population and the years of schooling of rural working-age population as the characteristic factors reflecting the flow of agricultural labor force.Frequency analysis was used to analyze the proportion of agricultural added value in the total output value,the number of agricultural machinery,arable land,fertilizer consumption and the output of main agricultural products as the characteristic factors reflecting the sustainable development of agriculture.Four factors reflecting agricultural labor flow and five characteristic factors reflecting agricultural sustainable development were respectively used for regression,a total of 5 sets of data,each set of 40 samples,to determine the correlation between the two variables and the degree of influence,quantitative analysis of Mexico’s agricultural labor flow on agricultural sustainable development.The study found that with the increase in rural population density,the increase in the absolute number of population,the decrease in the percentage of agricultural employment in the total employment,and the extension of the average years of schooling in rural areas between 25 and 59 years old,the agricultural added value in the GDP decreased by nearly 3percentage points,the number of agricultural tractors and machinery declined significantly,and the arable land decreased.Fertilizer consumption per hectare has roughly doubled in 40 years,while yields of corn and wheat,the main agricultural commodities,have continued to rise.With the entropy weight TOPSIS method,it is concluded that the overall score of the comprehensive evaluation of agricultural sustainable development in Mexico is declining,which indicates that the outflow of agricultural labor force has reduced the level of agricultural sustainable development in Mexico.The study shows that the increase of rural population density,population size and the extension of the years of education of the 25-59 year old rural population have a positive impact on the output of main agricultural products,but have a negative impact on agricultural added value,agricultural tractors,fertilizer consumption and arable land area.In addition,a reduction in the percentage of agricultural employment in total employment will also have a positive impact on agricultural value added,the level of agricultural tractors and mechanization,and the area of arable land,but a negative impact on the output of major agricultural products,which deserves our attention.The percentage of agricultural employment in the total employment is not directly related to the consumption of fertilizer.Therefore,countermeasures should be made according to the different directions and degrees of influence.Agricultural development:(1)improve the laws and regulations in the field of agriculture,promote the implementation of measures conducive to sustainable agricultural development;(2)Enhance the predictability of agricultural development principles,technical recommendations and population policies to ensure the continuity of rational policies;(3)Innovate the insurance mechanism for farmers and agriculture to reduce the risks of farmers and agricultural production.Agricultural labor:(1)Encourage the development of various forms of economic organization,and let more market players enter the gap areas.(2)Increase the investment in rural labor human capital,improve the years of education of rural population,improve people’s scientific knowledge and scientific literacy.The impact of labor flow on sustainable agricultural development:conform to the objective law of the transfer of agricultural labor force,and keep the rural population density and the proportion of agricultural employment at a reasonable level.