On The Trade Efficiency Of China’s Corn Import

Among all food crops,the status of corn is pivotal,ensuring the safety of corn is critical to national food security.As people’s diets change and processing industries develop,China’s corn consumption is rising and the gap between production and demand is beginning to appear and expanding.In recent years,in order to fill the demand gap,China’s corn imports continue to climb.In 2020,the amount of corn imports exceeded the quota limit for the first time.At the same time as the surge in corn imports,China’s corn import trade has also revealed many problems.First,China’s corn imports from a single source,the country is relatively concentrated,the risk of corn imports is high,and unexpected events are very likely to threaten China’s food security.Second,the lack of voice in the international corn market,it is easy to suffer the impact of price fluctuations in the international market of corn trade losses.Third,the large number of corn imports crowding out the domestic corn market,leading to a reduction in China’s corn sowing area,reducing China’s self-sufficiency rate of corn,affecting China’s food security.Analyzing the current situation of China’s corn trade,studying the influencing factors of China’s corn imports and the trade efficiency of China’s corn imports,and putting forward constructive suggestions based on the research results are very important guiding meanings for improving the level of corn trade,managing the risks of corn imports,guiding the healthy development of the corn industry,and ensuring China’s food security.Based on the analysis of the current situation and problems of the domestic corn industry,this paper constructs a model to analyze and measure the factors affecting corn imports into China and the trade efficiency of major importing countries,and ultimately to promote the development of the Chinese corn industry,optimize corn import trade in China,improve the domestic corn The model will be used to propose strategies to promote the development of China’s corn industry,optimize China’s corn import trade,improve the competitiveness of domestic corn,and promote the promotion of corn.In this paper,10 Chinese corn trading partner countries were selected as the research sample,and a stochastic frontier gravity model was used to study the influencing factors of China’s corn import trade and to measure the trade efficiency of China’s major corn importing countries.The study uses the quantity of corn imported by China from major corn import source countries from 2010 to 2020 as the explanatory variables,factors affecting China’s corn imports as the explanatory variables,and classifies the selected influencing factors with the underlying variables and trade inefficiency terms.The results show that the expansion of China’s economy and the increase in corn production in trading partner countries contribute to China’s corn import trade,while the expansion of the economies and population growth in trading partner countries and the increase in China’s corn production inhibit corn import trade.The distance greatly affects China’s corn import trade.The farther the distance,the greater the loss of transportation and the higher the transportation cost,and the long distance transportation is very unfavorable to the expansion of China’s corn import trade.Trade partner countries to join the "One Belt,One Road" initiative,and China and trade partner countries to conclude free trade agreements to improve the degree of trade facilitation,weakening the adverse impact of trade obstacles,the expansion of China’s corn import trade has played a role in promoting.At the same time,the price advantage of foreign corn has contributed significantly to the promotion of China’s corn imports.In assessing the trade efficiency of trading partner countries,China’s trade efficiency with the 10 major corn importing countries is generally low,indicating that there is still room for improvement and enhancement of China’s corn import trade.Specifically,the countries with high import efficiency are Laos,Myanmar,and Peru,the United States,Ukraine,Bulgaria,and Russia are in the middle of the pack,and the countries with low import efficiency are Germany,Argentina,and Chile.China should expand the diversified import channels of maize and guarantee food security by differentiating countries with different trade efficiencies and reaching stable import relationships with maize import trade partner countries.Finally,from a food security perspective,this paper offers suggestions for further developing China’s corn industry and trade,covering three aspects: establishing price advantages of domestic corn,further utilizing the advantages of regional cooperative organizations,and optimizing the pattern of China’s corn imports.