Research On The State Of The Market And Improvement Of Technical Services For Territorial Spatial Planning

In recent years,the construction of a nationwide unified,scientific and efficient national spatial planning system has become the development goal of spatial governance modernization.Local governments have purchased spatial planning technical services from the society by commissioning and other means,forming an active market of supply and demand for spatial planning services.However,behind the rapid development of the government purchase service market,there are hidden problems such as ambiguous procurement content,imbalanced supply and demand structure,and confusing market price.In this context,it is particularly important to accurately identify the problems in the spatial planning market and make improvements.In view of this,this paper takes the bidding subjects of territorial spatial planning services from 01/2017 to 10/2021 as the research object,and uses government procurement information data as the support to gradually sort out the bidding market situation and existing problems.The study first analyzes the bidding data using spatial autocorrelation,rooting theory,and TF-IDF algorithm to identify the demand characteristics of spatial planning bidding subjects in terms of project funding,service content,and supplier qualification.Then,we analyze the winning bidding data to identify the formation and distribution characteristics of spatial planning technical service supply subjects,construct inter-regional and inter-agency social network models to identify advantageous supply regions and high-impact agencies,and measure the aggregation of the planning industry.Finally,we analyze the variance of the transaction price characteristics of spatial planning technical service projects,construct a hierarchical regression model to analyze the influence of the characteristics of transaction subjects,project attributes,market environment and other factors on the winning price,and put forward corresponding policy suggestions to improve the spatial planning technical service market in order to overcome the defects of the supply and demand sides of the spatial planning technical service market and improve the use of public financial funds performance.The main research findings are as follows.(1)On the demand side of technical services of territorial spatial planning:(1)By analyzing the bidding data of territorial spatial master plan from 01,2017 to 09,2021,it is concluded that the overall number of bidding and capital investment of territorial spatial master plan in the new period is rising first and then falling back.the total capital investment in 2017 and 2018 is 0.006 and 0.086 billion yuan,in 2019 by the influence of policy Explosive growth to 415.2 million yuan,2020,2021 by the epidemic gradually fall back to369.5,0.979 billion yuan.The average budget of a single item is rising year by year,and the average budget prices of provincial,municipal,county and commune level projects are18.88901 million yuan/item,18.83899 million yuan/item,9.27073 million yuan/item and2.88860 million yuan/item.Among them,the eastern region and the Pearl River Delta city cluster by virtue of local financial advantages to purchase planning services with a higher level of capital investment,a total investment of 406.9 million yuan,the average budget price is 19.74% higher than the national,central and western respectively,16.31% and 8.74%lower than the national.(2)The coding process of 192(64 each in the east,central and west)county-level national spatial master plan bidding demand texts,a total of 6 categories of preparation service demand including basic research was summarized and summarized,with the highest coding density of 36.91% for thematic category preparation demand.The demand for the preparation of the plan was mainly focused on the two themes of "protection" and "development".In the eastern region,the demand for preparation is detailed and rich in thematic types,reflecting the spatial integration of urban development,while in the central and western regions,the focus is more on ecological spatial control and basic content preparation.(3)The current spatial master plan preparation qualification requirements are diverse and generally high,mainly urban and rural planning level A and land planning level B,accounting for 68.14% and 63.05% of the sample respectively.Qualification requirements form a large difference between provinces,among which,provinces in less developed western regions such as Guangxi make clear requirements for city and county level planning preparation qualification of Grade A.Fujian and Ningxia mostly demand Grade A qualification for land planning,and Hubei,Ningxia,Shaanxi,Fujian and Qinghai have additional demand for surveying and mapping qualification.(2)On the supply side of technical services of territorial spatial planning:(1)By statistically analyzing the data of the winning institutions for the preparation of national spatial planning projects from August 2017 to October 2021,it is concluded that the technical strength of spatial planning services preparation in China is unevenly distributed spatially,and a large number of high-quality planning institutions are concentrated in the eastern coastal regions.Among the 291 organizations that undertake planning preparation projects alone,the eastern organizations account for 57.39%,and among 105 urban and rural planning Class A qualified organizations,the eastern ones account for 69.52%,which are ahead of the central and western regions in all kinds of qualifications.(2)The national planning funds mainly flow to the well-known planning institutions in Beijing and Shanghai,and there is the phenomenon of "off-site" operation.The top three provinces and cities in terms of supply intensity of planning services are Beijing,Shanghai and Guangdong.Among them,China Academy of Urban Planning and Design,Shanghai Tongji Urban Planning and Design Institute,Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Planning and Design Institute,and China Planning Institute(Beijing)Planning and Design Company are the organizations that have undertaken the most technical services for spatial master plan preparation in the past five years,showing strong advantages in information resources and forming extensive cooperative relationships with local planning institutes and technical consulting companies,which are manifested as The scale-free network of "core-edge".(3)The aggregation degree of enterprises of planning institutes and scientific research institutions in China’s spatial planning preparation industry exceeds the regional aggregation degree,and the aggregation structure is relatively good,but lacks a certain degree of competitiveness.Information technology-based institutions entered the market of planning preparation industry late,and they are relatively aggregated in the region,and the market is more competitive,which makes up for the long-standing shortcomings of information technology in planning.(3)Regarding the transaction prices of technical services for territorial spatial planning:(1)By statistically analyzing the transaction price data of territorial spatial planning preparation projects from August 2017 to October 2021 nationwide,it is concluded that there are significant regional differences in the winning prices of spatial planning services at the municipal and county levels in China.Among them,the average prices of provincial and municipal-level territorial spatial master plans in the western region are the highest,reaching 20,346,200 yuan/item and 22,113,600 yuan/item.The average procurement price of county-level master plans in the eastern region reached 9,583,400yuan/item,which is significantly higher than that of the western and central regions with poorer financial status.The average procurement price at the commune level in the central region was the highest,reaching 2,475,800 yuan per item.The average transaction prices of provincial,municipal,county and commune level national spatial master plans reached18,482,600 yuan/item,20,952,200 yuan/item,8,651,800 yuan/item and 2,047,900yuan/item,respectively.(2)The administrative level of the city,the price of the same group,the territory,whether it is a consortium,the state of market demand,whether it includes information systems,and the area covered by the preparation significantly affect the price of the county-level national spatial master plan.At the same time,due to the lack of billing reference standards and cost accounting methods,local governments’ price decisions are mainly limited by financial resources,which are somewhat subjective and arbitrary,making it difficult to reflect the cost and difficulty of planning preparation.(4)Problems and suggestions for improvement in the market of technical services for territorial spatial planning:(1)Problems: The lack of process design for our government to carry out bidding for technical services for territorial spatial planning,insufficient control over the quality of planning preparation services and information on the planning service market,and lack of justification for the project fund budget.This has led to slow progress and confusion in the preparation of spatial planning;uneven distribution of the supply of spatial planning technical forces in China,technical shortcomings of the original planning agencies,lack of competition in the market,simultaneous preparation of a large number of similar projects,which makes it difficult to guarantee the quality of planning preparation;lack of billing reference standards and cost accounting methods for the management of the price of spatial planning technical services in China,with more subjective and arbitrary price decisions and the use of financial funds not reasonable.(2)Improvement suggestions: In order to effectively overcome the demand-side and supplyside defects in the process of our government’s purchase of territorial spatial planning,guarantee the quality of spatial planning preparation,and improve the efficiency of the use of financial funds.It is suggested to accelerate the development of billing standards for spatial planning preparation services,pay attention to the construction of technical talents in local natural resources authorities and spatial planning industry,and strengthen the supervision of the spatial planning technical service market,especially the supervision of government procurement of spatial planning services in backward regions.