Study On Endogenous Development Mechanism And Influencing Factors Of Family Farm

Family farm is the main organizational form for the development of modern agriculture.The development model of family farm can be divided into exogenous development and endogenous development.The national conditions determine that the main mode of family farm development in China is endogenous development.In view of this,this paper takes small farmers and family farms as the research object to explore the endogenous development mechanism and influencing factors of family farms,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the choice of countermeasures to promote the endogenous development of family farms in China.Firstly,it summarizes the relevant theories of the endogenous development of family farm.On the one hand,it combs the connotation of the concepts of endogenous development,family farm endogenous development and family farm endogenous development mechanism.On the other hand,it analyzes the restrictive effects of the basic agricultural management system and Rural Revitalization Strategy on the endogenous development of family farm,and determines the theoretical framework of this paper.Secondly,it discusses the endogenous development mechanism of family farm.This paper analyzes the endogenous development mechanism of family farm from two aspects:endogenous development mechanism and endogenous development path.The endogenous development mechanism of family farm is the process of realizing the independent development of family farm with farmers as the main body,the appropriate concentration of land as the condition,and the driving force of agricultural income,rural resources and cultural identity.The main path of endogenous development of family farms: the transformation of small farmers to family farms,the sustainable operation of existing family farms and the intergenerational inheritance of family farms.The transformation from small farmers to family farms is the main source of newborn family farms.The development of family farms through the transformation from small farmers to family farms can avoid the phenomenon of crowding out rural residents who are not fully rooted in the city,which is conducive to social stability.Family farm sustainable operation means that the established family farm can be operated continuously for a long time.If the established family farm cannot continue to operate,the food security of the family may be threatened.Farming income,land resources and cultural identity affect the endogenous driving force under the sustainable operation of family farms,among which farming income is the most important driving force.At present,the aging phenomenon of rural labor force is serious,and the original farm owners will gradually withdraw from family farm management,which requires young farmers to take the initiative to assume the responsibility of farm management.Therefore,the intergenerational inheritance of family farm is another new path for the endogenous development of family farm.Thirdly,it analyzes the influencing factors of the endogenous development of family farm.Based on the endogenous development path of family farm,this paper discusses the influencing factors of the endogenous development of family farm from three aspects:small farmers to family farm,the sustainability of family farm development,and the intergenerational inheritance of family farm.(1)Analysis on the influencing factors of the transformation from small farmers to family farms.Using the binary logit model,this paper analyzes the influencing factors of the transformation from small farmers to family farms by taking the transformation from small farmers to family farms as the explanatory variables and 14 specific variables contained in the individual characteristics of household heads,basic characteristics of families and characteristics of farmers’ offspring as the explanatory variables.The research conclusion shows that high agricultural income provides the possibility for the transformation of small farmers to family farms,while the gender,age and other variables of household owners and children reduce the possibility of the transformation of small farmers to family farms.(2)Factors affecting the sustainable operation of family farms.Using the structural equation model,the relationship between the observed variables is studied by taking the offspring gender,farm operation scale,agricultural income and offspring inheritance as the observable variables.The research conclusion shows that the gender of the offspring,the scale of farm operation and the inheritance willingness of the offspring directly affect the agricultural income of the family farm,and the offspring of male farmers have a greater impact on the income generation of the family farm and promote the sustainable operation of the farm.(3)Influencing factors of intergenerational inheritance of family farm.Using the binary logit model,this paper analyzes the influencing factors of the possibility of intergenerational inheritance of family farms with whether farmers’ children are willing to work in agriculture as the explanatory variable and 9 variables included in parent-child characteristics,child characteristics and family and regional characteristics as the explanatory variables.The conclusion is that the variables such as offspring gender and land contract area restrict the intergenerational inheritance of family farms.The imperfect land circulation system in China reduces the possibility of intergenerational inheritance of family farms;The variables such as offspring age and agricultural income promote the realization of intergenerational inheritance of family farm to a certain extent.Finally,it puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the endogenous development of family farm.Based on the above research conclusions,the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the endogenous development of family farms are put forward.(1)The endogenous development of family farms should take farmers as the main body,respect the dominant position of farmers,make farmers willing to transfer land and take the initiative to transfer land,so as to promote the transformation of small farmers to family farms.(2)Agricultural income is an important factor affecting the endogenous development of family farms.Only by ensuring that the net profit of family farms meets the expectations of farmers,can small farmers have the power to transform into family farms,and are more likely to attract farmers’ children to actively inherit family farms and realize the sustainable development of family farms.(3)The offspring of farmers is very important for the sustainable development of family farms.We should focus on and cultivate young farmers with agricultural skills,and attract the children of farmers with higher education to return to their hometown for farming.The development history of family farms in China is short,and there is a lack of detailed and perfect database.Therefore,the preciseness of this paper in studying the influencing factors of the endogenous development of family farms needs to be improved.In the future,with the continuous improvement of the family farm related database,it will further enrich the relevant empirical analysis.