A Study On The Welfare Effect Of Land Trusteeship From The Perspective Of Farmers’ Livelihood Capital Differentiation

"Benefiting the people’s livelihood and resolving their concerns" is the fundamental purpose of our work related to agriculture,rural areas and farmers.Since the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the rural revitalization strategy has been fully implemented.Local governments have accelerated the establishment of a modern agricultural operation system and explored new forms of large-scale operation,resulting in the emergence of land trusteeship.At the level of agricultural production,land trusteeship provides an effective way for small farmers to integrate into modern agriculture and achieve sustainable agricultural development through intensive and specialized land production,with its significant advantages of unchanged management rights,and its important role in liberating agricultural productivity and improving the efficiency of land use.In addition,with the advancement of agricultural and rural reform,the changes made by rural labor force in the face of diversified employment situation and diversified choices also change the total value of livelihood capital and allocation structure,which shows the difference of livelihood capital endowment,and ultimately leads to the differentiation of homogenous farmers to heterogeneous farmers.The differentiation of farmers makes their demand for agricultural land function supply and agricultural policy appear different,and how to balance the heterogeneous demand of farmers with the homogeneous land trust policy,maximize the effect of the policy,and improve the welfare level of farmers is an urgent problem to be solved in the promotion of land trust.Therefore,from the perspective of livelihood capital differentiation of farmers,it is of great value to discuss the impact of land trusteeship on their welfare for accelerating the implementation process of land trusteeship and improving the welfare level of farmers.Based on the systematic review of feasible capacity theory,welfare economy theory and sustainable livelihood theory,this paper constructed a theoretical framework of the impact of land trusteeship and the differentiation of farmers’ livelihood capital on farmers’ welfare,supported by the survey data of Chang ’an District in Shaanxi Province,where the land trusteeship model is well developed.The welfare evaluation index system of land trusteeship farmers is constructed from five dimensions of economic status,social opportunity,health status,ecological environment and psychological status to measure the welfare of land trusteeship farmers.The evaluation index system of farmers’ livelihood capital is constructed from five dimensions of human capital,natural capital,material capital,financial capital and social capital to measure the differentiation degree of farmers’ livelihood capital and classify it,and then calculate the welfare effect of different types of farmers’ land trusteeship.Multiple linear regression model was used to reveal the mechanism and degree of the impact of land trusteeship on the welfare changes of different types of farmers,identify the key factors causing the welfare changes of farmers,and explore the policy effects of land trusteeship.Finally,based on the above empirical analysis results,this paper puts forward some policy suggestions which are helpful to the promotion of land trusteeship and the promotion of farmers’ production.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)After sample farmers in the research area participated in land trusteeship,the welfare fuzzy index decreased from 0.5000 to 0.4959,indicating a slight decrease in the overall welfare level.Among them,the welfare level of farmers’ economic condition,social opportunity and psychological condition increased,while the health condition and ecological environment welfare level decreased.(2)The difference of livelihood capital has an impact on the change of welfare of farmers in land trusteeship.Farmers with different livelihood capital types have different changes in their overall welfare and the changes of various functional indicators describing welfare after land trusteeship.Among them,the welfare level of capital-deficient and capital-rich farmers has been improved to different degrees,while the welfare level of capital-balanced farmers has been damaged.For farmers with different livelihood capital types,land trusteeship has the same effect direction on all functional activity indicators representing welfare.Among them,economic status,social opportunity and psychological status are the promotion effect,health status and ecological environment damage effect.(3)Land trusteeship has a significant positive impact on farmers’ welfare changes through trusteeship mode,trusteeship area and contract form.At the same time,the understanding of land trusteeship policy will also positively affect the welfare of farmers.The welfare of farmers with different livelihood capital types is affected differently by trusteeship mode,trusteeship area and contract form.The trust area of land has the greatest influence on the welfare of the livelihood capital deficient peasant households,while the livelihood capital balanced peasant households and the livelihood capital rich peasant households are greatly influenced by the trust mode and contract form.Based on the above research contents and conclusions,this paper proposes that more attention should be paid to practical research in the process of promoting land trusteeship,to measure the policy effect from the perspective of farmers’ welfare,to provide professional training and supervision,to standardize the operation behavior of land trusteeship organizations,and to protect farmers’ rights and interests in the process of trusteeship.At the same time,we should pay attention to farmers’ needs,actively explore the optimal land trusteeship mode and the most appropriate trusteeship area,and ensure the long-term livelihood of heterogeneous farmers with differentiated land trusteeship service mechanism.