| The contradiction between man and land runs through the course of agricultural development in China.With the sustainable development of economy and society,rural land is facing such realistic difficulties as urban space compression,resource degradation,extensive management and industrial pollution.The contradiction between people and land is intensifying,and the problem of food security is seriously threatened.Therefore,studying the spatial-temporal change characteristics of rural land use efficiency can clearly grasp the allocation efficiency of land resources in the process of agricultural development,and help to promote the rational use of rural land resources.Under the background of the continuous contraction of land resources and the transformation of rural economy,promoting land transfer plays an important role in realizing agricultural modernization,improving land use efficiency and effectively using land.Therefore,studying the impact of land transfer on rural land use efficiency is conducive to ensuring national food security,helping rural revitalization and promoting agricultural modernization.This paper takes the empirical research on the impact of rural land transfer on land use efficiency as the theme,and makes a detailed discussion from three aspects:theoretical research,the current situation of rural land use,and the impact of land transfer on rural land use efficiency.Firstly,combined with the classic economic theories such as location theory and land rent theory,this paper expounds the internal mechanism of rural land transfer and land use efficiency from the theoretical level.Secondly,it analyzes the endowment of rural land resources and the level of land transfer in the whole country and the eastern,central and western regions;Based on the micro and macro perspectives,the data of China Health and elderly care follow-up survey(Charls)in 2018 and the panel data of 30 provinces(except Tibet,Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan)from 2005 to 2019 were selected to calculate and analyze the comprehensive technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of land use of farmers and regions by using the data envelopment analysis model(DEA).Thirdly,based on the micro perspective,Tobit regression model is used to study the impact of land transfer direction on rural land use efficiency from the perspective of farmers’ land transfer behavior.First of all,a full sample is used to explore the overall impact of land transfer direction on rural land use efficiency;Then,in-depth analysis of whether the rural land ownership confirmation policy has a regulatory effect on the relationship between the two;Then,it analyzes the regional differences of the impact of land transfer direction on rural land use efficiency.Finally,using macro data,from the perspective of land transfer scale,carry out full sample regression and regional heterogeneity analysis,and deeply explore the impact of rural land transfer scale on land use efficiency from a macro perspective.This paper shows that: first,the transfer of land has a significant role in promoting the comprehensive technical efficiency of land use and the pure technical efficiency of land use;It has a significant inhibition on the scale efficiency of land use.This shows that at present,China’s small-scale peasant economy is more scale efficient,and due to the appropriate scale of operation and the high degree of land fragmentation,the transfer of farmers to land does not mean the realization of scale operation.The regression coefficient between land transfer out and land use comprehensive technical efficiency and land use pure technical efficiency is negative,and the regression coefficient between land transfer out and land use scale efficiency is positive,but there is no statistical significance.Second,the policy of land ownership confirmation has a regulating effect on the relationship between land circulation and rural land use efficiency.Compared with the farmers whose rights have not been confirmed,after the farmers whose rights have been confirmed transfer to the land,the pure technical efficiency of land use increases and the scale efficiency of land use decreases,but on the whole,the level of land use efficiency shows an upward trend;When the farmers with confirmed rights transfer out their land,the comprehensive technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency of land use are reduced.Third,land transfer has regional heterogeneity on rural land use efficiency.Among them,the impact of transferred land on rural land use efficiency in the eastern,central and western regions is basically the same as the full sample regression,but the degree of promotion to the level of land use efficiency decreases from east to west.The regression coefficient between land transfer out and the comprehensive technical efficiency of land use in the eastern,central and western regions is negative,which only significantly promotes the scale efficiency of land use in the central region.Fourth,at the macro level,the scale of land transfer has no impact on the comprehensive technical efficiency of land use,and has an "inverted U" relationship with the pure technical efficiency of land use.Increasing the land management area within a certain range will help to improve the pure technical efficiency level of land use.However,when the land circulation area reaches the "ceiling" of the current agricultural technology level,the continued transfer of land will greatly reduce the pure technical efficiency level of land use.Subject to China’s traditional small-scale peasant economy and land scale economic benefits,the relationship between land circulation area and land use scale efficiency is "positive U-shaped".Similarly,there are regional differences in the impact of land transfer area on land use efficiency at the macro level.The land circulation area has no significant effect on the land use efficiency in the central region;It has a restraining effect on the pure technical efficiency of land use in the eastern region;It is positively correlated with the pure technical efficiency of land use in the western region,but has a negative impact on the scale efficiency of land use.Based on the above research conclusions,six suggestions are put forward:(1)governments at all levels should increase their support and investment in agricultural science and technology and agricultural product research and development,regularly carry out training for farmers and train a group of personnel with high-level agricultural technology,so as to improve the pure technical efficiency of land use.(2)We will continue to improve the rural social security system,reduce farmers’ dependence on land for living security and emotion,promote land circulation,and increase policy,financial and technical support for farmers who transfer land to improve land use efficiency.(3)Cultivate a perfect land circulation system,take diversified land circulation measures according to local conditions,give play to the guiding role of the government in the land circulation market,standardize land circulation transactions,and give full play to the role of land circulation in promoting land use efficiency.(4)Accelerate the improvement of land ownership registration and certification,and do a good job in "looking back";Expand the vertical and horizontal depth of policy publicity,deepen farmers’ awareness of the policy,and give play to the positive regulatory role of the land ownership policy.(5)Guide farmers to transfer land into and out of the land.Encourage farmers with weak willingness to agricultural production or lack of agricultural labor ability to completely transfer out of the land;Farmers with low willingness but insufficient labor capacity can be encouraged to increase the use of agricultural machinery or purchase agricultural production outsourcing services,so as to improve the degree of land use.(6)Each regional government should actively explore the appropriate operation scale according to the local rural land resource endowment conditions,and on this basis,encourage farmers to carry out centralized and continuous operation to improve the scale efficiency of rural land use. |
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