Research On Adjustable Method Of Microstrip Antenna Beamwidth

Entering the era of rapid development of wireless communication technology,user groups have higher and higher requirements for antenna performance.With the increase in the number of antennas used,the overall cost of the communication system also increases accordingly,and the reuse rate will also cause problems.The tunable beamwidth antenna emerges in this context.Aiming at the problems that the area of the current microwave sensor is difficult to adjust and cannot adapt to various environments,this paper takes the needs of users in practical applications as the starting point,and realizes the flexible control of the antenna radiation beam by loading a medium above the microstrip antenna.Through a large number of simulation optimization analysis and physical processing test data,its reliability and stability are determined.The main research and design of the antenna in this paper has the following three aspects:Firstly,a patch antenna with an operating frequency of 10.525 GHz is designed.The overall antenna structure adopts a 180° phase difference double-fed patch antenna,and the center point is grounded to reduce the loss of the antenna.The half-power beam width of the E-plane and H-plane They are83.5° and 78.6°,respectively.It has good performance when it is used in microwave sensors.Secondly,a beam narrowing method based on patch antenna is proposed.Aiming at the problems of complex structure,high cost and large loss in the traditional pattern reconfigurable technology,a method is designed by loading a dielectric ring above the antenna.The structure realizes that the beam width of the antenna can be adjusted.The structure realizes that the beam width of the antenna can be adjusted.The half-power beam width of the E-plane of the microstrip antenna with the overall loading dielectric ring structure ranges from83.5° to 26.0°,and the half-power beam width of the H-plane ranges from 78.6°to 30.7°.At the same time,it can be freely adjusted within a certain range,and the gain Always remain greater than 10 d B.Finally,based on the working principle of beam narrowing,another medium structure is proposed.By changing the structural shape of the medium,the microstrip antenna can achieve the effect of beam broadening.The long dielectric structure is loaded directly above the radiation source,the half-power beamwidth of the E-plane ranges from 83.5° to 192.5°,and the half-power beamwidth of the H-plane ranges from 78.6° and 200.5°,making the detection beamwidth of the microwave sensor obvious.change.The whole antenna is simple in structure and device,does not need complex PIN diode switches and feeding circuits,reduces energy loss during operation,and has high stability.