A Clustering Multi-hop Routing Algorithm For Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)is a self-organizing network which composed of a great many low-cost,low-power sensor nodes.These sensor nodes are usually deployed in harsh and complex environments to sense,measure and collect information about the environment and send the collected data to the base station for end users.However,due to the limitations of the deployment environment,it is almost impossible to replace or recharge the node’s battery once it runs out of energy.Therefore,how to diminish the energy dissipation of nodes to extend the network lifespan is one of the key issues when designing WSNs.The routing protocol,as a critical communication protocol that influences the behaviour of WSN,plays a pivotal role in extending the network lifetime.In order to trade off the energy consumption of sensor nodes and prolong the lifetime of the network,this thesis proposes a Fuzzy C-Means based Multi-Hop Clustering Routing Algorithm(FCMMH).FCMMH is divided into the cluster establishment phase,cluster head selection phase and the data transmission phase.In the cluster establishment phase,FCMMH utilize the Fuzzy C-Means(FCM)algorithm to form the clusters.Then,to address the problem of unbalanced energy consumption of nodes due to excessive energy consumption of cluster head,FCMMH adopts a multiple cluster head strategy in cluster head selection phase,where the number of cluster heads in each cluster is determined by the number of member nodes in the cluster.Finally,the cluster head is selected by considering the remaining energy and location information of the nodes in the cluster.In the data transmission phase,for the problem that direct communication between cluster head and sink node will have excessive energy loss,FCMMH adopts a multi-hop routing strategy for inter-cluster data transmission and establishes energy efficient multi-hop routing by introducing the concepts of ideal forwarding location and relay region.To evaluate the performance FCMMH,the algorithm is experimented by MATLAB platform and compared with other algorithms.The experimental results show that the present algorithm has better performance in balancing the energy consumption of nodes and prolonging the network lifetime.