| Research purpose: Commissioned by the local education department,this study investigates,observes and experiments the body composition,nutritional diet and physical activity characteristics of children in three primary schools in Henan University’s help village and nearby villages,and obtains cross-sectional data on the main factors affecting the healthy growth of children in this area.Provide basic data and targeted rationalization suggestions for relevant education departments to escort the healthy growth of children in the area,and also provide a reference for local children’s health promotion plans.Research method: In this study,the body composition,nutritional diet and physical activity characteristics of 600 children aged 7-11 years were investigated and analyzed by full testing,and 20 children of various ages were quantitatively tested by observation,24-hour diet review and experimental methods.The "Health Industry Standards of the People’s Republic of China: Screening for Malnutrition in School-age Children and Adolescents","Health Industry Standards of the People’s Republic of China:Overweight and Obesity Screening for School-age Children and Adolescents","Dietary Guidelines for School-age Children in China(2022)",and "Physical Activity Guidelines for Chinese Groups(2021)" were analyzed and evaluated.Research results:(1)The height,weight,BMD,BMC,body fat rate,defatted body mass,muscle mass and BMI of children aged 7-11 in rural Kaifeng showed gendered characteristics,among which the average height of boys except 11 years old was higher than that of girls.With the exception of 9 and 11 years,boys had a higher average weight than girls;BMD and BMC of boys and girls of different ages did not change significantly;Girls of the same age have a higher body fat rate than boys,and boys of the same age have higher fat body mass and muscle mass than girls;Except for 9 and 10 years old,boys’ average BMI was higher than girls’ averages;The detection rate of wasting,overweight and obesity in boys was 37.14%,and that of girls wasting,overweight and obesity was 33.68%.(2)Children’s nutritional dietary characteristics: The questionnaire survey found that the accuracy rate of nutritional knowledge of child caregivers reached 91.8%;92.5% of the children ate three meals on time every day,46% of the children had partial eating,63.7% of the children consumed at least one dairy product per day,88.7% of the children consumed at least one egg per day,42.3% of the children ate meat food every day,and 69% and 66% of the children who ate two or more vegetables and fruits per day,respectively.83.7% of children have the bad habit of snacking often after meals,54.8% of children snack 3times a week,and 48.2% have a drink up to 3 times a week.Observation and experiments of 20 children randomly selected in stratified categories found that 15 children had low water intake and 12 children had a salty diet.The correlation coefficient and significance between children’s energy intake and BMI index were(r=0.224,P<0.05);The correlation coefficient and significance between fat intake and BMI index in children were(r=0.462,P<0.05);The correlation coefficient between protein intake and BMI index in children was(r=0.153);The correlation coefficient and significance between carbohydrate intake and BMI index in children were(r=0.202,P<0.05).(3)Physical activity characteristics of children: The questionnaire survey found that 79.2% and 24.0%of the children met the recommended amount of physical activity duration and intensity,respectively.The test results of 20 children randomly selected in stratified categories found that a total of 5 boys and girls of the 20 children met the target.A study of 20 children observed that most of the children’s physical activity was done between playful chases,and the number of children who walked,ran and jumped was the main form of physical activity,and boys were more physically active than girls.The correlation between physical activity intensity and body composition in children showed that LPA was significantly negatively correlated with lean body mass in boys(r=-0.288,P<0.05),and MVPA was positively correlated with muscle mass(r=0.182,P<0.05).In girls,LPA was significantly negatively correlated with lean body mass(r=-0.546,P<0.05),MVPA was positively correlated with lean body mass(r=0.308,P<0.05),and MVPA was positively correlated with muscle mass(r=0.139,P<0.05).In both boys and girls,MVPA was significantly negatively correlated with BMI and body fat rate,while LPA was not significantly correlated with BMI and body fat rate.Research conclusion:(1)The rates of wasting,overweight and obesity among children reached 37.14% and 33.68% in boys and girls,respectively.BMD and BMC changes were not obvious in children of different ages;Children have the following characteristics of body fat percentage,lean mass,and muscle mass: at the same age,girls have a higher body fat rate than boys,and boys have a higher fat body mass and muscle mass than girls.(2)Most caregivers have basic knowledge of nutrition;In children’s dietary intake,most children’s nutritional dietary intake is relatively comprehensive,which can basically ensure the intake of body nutrients;A small number of children may have inadequate intake of some nutrients;Among children’s dietary habits,some children have bad dietary habits such as junk food,and some children have partial eating behaviors;Children drink less water,and more children eat salty diets;Fat intake was most associated with BMI in children.(3)Children’s daily physical activity time basically meets the recommended amount,and children’s physical activity intensity is insufficient and the form of activity is single;Boys are more physically active than girls.Children’s physical activity and body composition are closely correlated,and participating in physical activity MVPA is more conducive to the development and optimization of children’s body composition. |
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