A Study On The Relationship Between Physical Activity, Body Composition And Cognitive Function In The Urban Elderly

Research purposes: As the aging process continues to accelerate,the decline in cognitive function has become an important issue affecting the health of the elderly around the world.Studies have shown that physical activity and body composition have certain effects on the cognitive function of the elderly,but relevant research conclusions have not yet been unified.This article aims to verify the promotion of physical activity and body composition on the cognitive function of the elderly,and to further explore whether the effect of physical activity on the cognitive function of the elderly can be achieved through the mediating mechanism of body composition,in order to determine whether physical activity and body composition The perspective provides a basis for improving the cognitive function of the elderly.Research method: A combination of stratification and cluster sampling was adopted,taking the elderly over 60 years old in the urban area of Nanjing,Jiangsu Province as the survey subjects,and a total of 252 valid samples were drawn.The physical activity of the elderly is measured by the Actigraph GT3X-BT accelerometer,the body composition is measured by the BIA450 portable body composition analyzer,and the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(Mo CA)is used to evaluate the cognitive function of the elderly.Use SPSS 22.0,AMOS 22.0 software to statistically process the data,and use descriptive analysis,correlation analysis,structural equation modeling and other multiple statistical methods to deeply explore the relationship between physical activity,body composition and cognitive function.Research result:1)The path coefficient of physical activity on cognitive function shows that physical activity has a significant promotion effect on cognitive function(?=0.795,P<0.001).Among them,the factor loading coefficients of medium-high physical activity(MVPA)and low physical activity(LPA)contributed 0.88 and 0.56 to physical activity,respectively.2)The path coefficient of physical activity on body composition shows that physical activity can significantly promote the improvement of body composition(?=0.826,P<0.001).Among them,the factor loading coefficients of the three dimensions under body composition showed that physical activity was negatively correlated with fat percentage(-0.78),physical activity was positively correlated with muscle percentage(0.71),and physical activity was negatively correlated with waist-to-hip ratio(-0.73).3)The path coefficient of body composition to cognitive function shows that the improvement of body composition has a significant promoting effect on cognitive function(?=0.898,P<0.001).Among them,the factor loading coefficient results of the three dimensions of body composition show that fat percentage is negatively correlated with cognitive function(-0.88),muscle ratio is positively correlated with cognitive function(0.65),and waist-to-hip ratio is negatively correlated with cognitive function Related(-0.64).4)The path coefficient of the mediating mechanism of body composition between physical activity and cognitive function shows that physical activity has a significant promoting effect on the improvement of body composition(?=0.759,P<0.001),and the improvement of body composition has a significant effect on cognitive function.There is a significant promotion effect(?=0.625,P<0.001),and physical activity has a significant promotion effect on cognitive function(?=0.350,P<0.01).In the path of physical activity and cognitive function,the confidence interval of the mediating effect does not include 0(0.210,0.818),that is,body composition has a mediating effect in the relationship between physical activity and cognitive function,and the mediating effect(0.474)accounts for the total effect(0.824)57.52%.Analysis conclusion:1)The physical activity of the elderly has a significant promotion effect on cognitive function,and MVPA has a better promotion effect on cognitive function than LPA.2)Physical activity has a significant effect on improving body composition,and the increase in physical activity of the elderly can achieve the effect of increasing muscles and reducing fat and making fat distribution reasonably.3)The improvement of body composition has a significant promoting effect on cognitive function,that is,the elderly can promote their cognitive function by increasing muscle percentage,reducing fat percentage,and reducing waist-to-hip ratio.4)Physical activity can not only directly improve the cognitive function of the elderly,but also indirectly improve the cognitive function of the elderly through the intermediary mechanism of improving body composition.