| The general requirement of Yunnan women Canoeing team in pre-competition training is to strengthen physical strength and improve skills.The effect of high-plain pre-competition training will affect the competitive level that the athletes can reach in the upcoming competition.Through summarizing and reflecting on the past training,it is an effective means to improve the training effect to scientifically understand the rules of the project and guide the practice training.The research object is the special physical characteristics of the high-plain training before the Yunnan Women’s Canoeing Team participating in the 14th National Games in 2021.The general design of training content,load arrangement of water and land training,athletes’ body form,physiological function index,special sports competence and final competition results of Yunnan Women Canoeing team before the competition are systematically studied.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)During the pre-competition high-plain training period,the overall training volume showed a steady downward trend,while the training intensity steadily increased.In the plain training stage,the amount of land training is larger than that of water training.Water training mainly focuses on short speed strokes,while land training mainly focuses on maximum strength training and fast strength training.(2)The results of the athletes’ body composition test showed that there were significant differences between the muscles of the left arm and trunk;There was no significant difference in the 9 indexes including body fat percentage,and the ES value of trunk muscle was between 0.6 and 1.2,which belonged to the medium effect range,indicating that this index could better reflect the difference in the improvement of athletes’ special physical training ability during 12-week high-plain training.It is suggested that pre-competition high-plain training has no obvious effect on the overall body shape and body composition of athletes.(3)The test results of athletes’ physiological function state showed that there were significant differences between the five indexes of hemoglobin(HB),creatine kinase(CK),urea nitrogen(BUN),morning pulse(HR)and testosterone(T)in the plateau 1 and plain training,and the indexes at this stage reflected the sensitivity of the body;There were significant differences in hemoglobin(HB),creatine kinase(CK)and testosterone(T),but no significant differences in urea nitrogen(BUN)and morning pulse(HR)between plain training and plateau 2.Creatine kinase(CK)and morning pulse(HR)were significantly different between high altitude 1 and high altitude 2,but hemoglobin(HB),urea nitrogen(BUN)and testosterone(T)were not significantly different.It indicates that the physiological function of athletes undergoing plain training on the plateau has obvious changes,and the adaptation mechanism cannot be established in time,resulting in unstable state.After a period of adaptation and continued training on the plateau,the physiological function of athletes is stable.It can be seen from the changes of functional indexes in the three stages that the ES values of hemoglobin(HB),creatine kinase(CK),morning pulse(HR)and testosterone(T)are in the medium and large effect range,which can better and accurately reflect the difference of physiological function changes at this stage and serve as an important reference index to evaluate the strength of athletes’ physiological function and training effect.The ES value of BUN was in the small or small effect range,and had no obvious effect on the evaluation of specific physiological function changes of pre-race high-plain training.(4)The results of the special athletic ability test of athletes show that: In addition to the non-significant difference in 3000 m running,other indexes including land rowing powerometer 2km stroke,relative and absolute value of maximum oxygen uptake,squat,hard pull,flat bench press,flat bench pull,average power of full stroke(10 seconds,30 seconds,90 seconds)had significant differences,which significantly improved the athletes’ special work ability and athletic ability.ES values of five indexes,including absolute VO2 Max,squat,hard pull,bench press and 10-second full stroke,were in the medium effect range,which was an important reference index to evaluate the progress of canoeists’ pre-competition special exercise ability.The ES values of the six indexes,such as 3000 m running,2km stroke of the land rowing ergometer,relative value of maximum oxygen consumption,flat pull-down,30 seconds full stroke and 90 seconds full stroke,were in the small or small effect range,which had no obvious effect on the improvement of the special exercise ability in the evaluation of pre-race high-plain training. |
