| In 2020,China achieved a comprehensive victory in the war against poverty,completing the arduous historical task of eliminating absolute poverty and achieving the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects.In the new situation,the focus of China’s poverty eradication work turns to "consolidating the results of poverty eradication and establishing a long-term mechanism to solve relative poverty." Among them,education is the fundamental way to solve the poverty problem.Enhancing the human capital of the poor and developing anti-poverty capacity through education is the key to establishing a long-term mechanism to solve the poverty problem.Initiatives to develop inclined policies to improve the quality of education for the poor have been put into practice in many countries around the world.Among them,the Conditional Cash Transfer program(CCT)represented by Brazil has achieved good subsidy effects,significantly improving the quantity and quality of education received by the poor population in Brazil itself,and contributing to breaking the intergenerational transmission of poverty.In China,the subsidy policy for students from poor families at the compulsory education stage is in the stage of gradual establishment.A comparison of the characteristics and experiences of compulsory education subsidy policies in Brazil and China can help improve the relevant policies in China.In view of this,this paper adopts a cross-country comparison perspective,taking the "Bolsa Familia" in Brazil and the "One Subsidy" policy in China in compulsory education as the major cases of compulsory education poverty subsidy policies and then compare and analyze the similarities and differences in these policies.Through the analysis and summary found that:the common features of the two countries’ compulsory education poverty subsidy policies in terms of policy objectives,funding sources,and forms of assistance;the main differences are in the targeting mechanism and coverage,the conditions and benefit level,the monitoring and evaluation and disciplinary mechanism,and the withdrawal mechanism of the program.By specifically analyzing the characteristics of Brazil’s compulsory education poverty subsidy policy and taking into account the problems that have arisen in the implementation of the policy in China,the following policy experiences are summarized: Firstly,a clear allocation of financial responsibility is a prerequisite for the implementation of the subsidy policy;Secondly,a stable funding mechanism is a basic requirement for the implementation of poverty subsidies;Thirdly,strict restrictions on subsidy conditions are important for enhancing the effectiveness of subsidies;Finally,objective evaluation of implementation effects is a strong guarantee for achieving policy goals.On this basis,the optimization of relevant policies in China should focus on the following five aspects: insisting on government macro-control to ensure policy implementation,coordinating regional differences and broadening funding sources,precisely targeting the target population and raising subsidy standards,innovating subsidy conditions and maintaining dynamic evaluation,and establishing a sound monitoring mechanism to guarantee policy effectiveness. |
