Public Education Expenditure Of Cities And Labor Location Choice

In recent years,the competition among local governments has changed from "material capital" to "human capital",and actively promoted various preferential policies to attract talents.In the early years,the talent policy was mainly aimed at high-level talents,while the current talent policy has a lower standard.It is changing from competing for "Talent" to competing for "Population".However,such a massive "talent war" has also attracted heated discussions among the public.First,whether the massive financial investment has really brought about the upgrading of regional human capital and whether it has practical economic effects;Second,even though the talent policy has changed the spatial distribution of human capital,it has not increased the total number of talents;Third,the obvious inclination of finance towards specific target groups may be detrimental to social equity and stability.In The Analects of Confucius,it was mentioned that If a man does not submit to submission,he can be brought to submission by political education.The local government can also learn from the wisdom of the ancients and understand that the key to attracting talents is to strive for self-development.On this basis,with the help of local advantages,various talents can actively choose to flow into the local.So how should local governments develop themselves to attract labor to inflow? Under this background,this paper takes public education expenditure as the starting point,and studies the impact of public education expenditure on labor location choice from three issues: first,whether public education expenditure has a significant positive impact on labor location choice;Second,the mechanism through which public education expenditure affects the labor location choice;Third,for the labor force with different individual characteristics,whether the public education expenditure has a heterogeneous impact in the process of its location selection.In the theoretical analysis part,based on the current situation and existing research,this paper constructs a simple model to study the problem of public education expenditure and labor location choice,draws the following conclusions and puts forward the corresponding hypothesis:(1)The increase of public education expenditure can attract more labor to choose the city;(2)When the labor chooses the location,the public education expenditure is more attractive to the skilled labor;(3)The attraction of public education expenditure to labor is more obvious in the labor inflows.The empirical analysis finds that the education expenditure will promote the labor inflows.The specific conclusions are as follows:(1)Public education expenditure has a significant positive effect on the labor location choice.(2)The impact of public education expenditure on labor location choice is mainly realized through two aspects,namely,the public service attraction effect of public education expenditure and the income pull effect of public education expenditure.(3)There is regional heterogeneity between public education expenditure and labor location choice.Public education expenditure in the eastern region has a positive and significant effect on labor location choice,while public education expenditure in the central and western regions has a negative effect on labor location choice.(4)The labor with different demographic characteristics shows different demands for public education expenditure.Younger labor is deeply affected by public education expenditure,and the younger the labor,the greater the impact of public education expenditure on labor mobility.The higher the education level of the labor,the more sensitive to the public education expenditure of the candidate cities.The education level of the labor’s father and mother also affects the labor’s attention to the public education expenditure of the candidate cities in location selection.Finally,different skilled labors have different demands for public education.For skilled labors,the increase of urban public education expenditure has a significant positive impact on their location choice.(5)It is found that the impact of public education expenditure on the inflow of labor is greater than that of the resident labor.A further study,taking into account the cost of living in cities,found that rising housing prices would weaken the positive effect of public education expenditure on labor location choice,moreover,the weakening effect is more obvious in the inflow labor group than in the resident labor group.In addition,considering that the household registration restrictions may reduce the access of inflow labor to public services,after controlling the household registration restrictions on inflow labor,it is found that with the increase in the threshold of urban residency,public education expenditure has become less attractive to inflow labor.