A Study On The Design And Application Of Scaffolding For The Development Of Computational Thinking Under Productive Failure Theory

The newly released Information Technology Curriculum Standards for compulsory Education(2022 year-edition)re-emphasize the importance of computational thinking development.The development of computational thinking is often achieved through programming,but in the real world,there is still a problem of treating the two as identical,which turns the cultivation of computational thinking into mechanical "programming training" that is out of context and pursues high correctness rates,which is disconnected from the problem-solving experience and the development of thinking skills in computational thinking.The theory of productive failure,with its emphasis on the experience of students’ independent inquiry and its openness to failure,provides a new perspective for programming learning in the context of computational thinking.This study explores the design and application of learning scaffolds for teaching middle school graphical programming under the guidance of productive failure theory,and verifies its promoting effect on students’ computational thinking level.Firstly,based on the current state of research on productive failure theory,learning scaffolds and computational thinking,this study designed the content of courses and the teaching objectives,formed the productive failure teaching process according to the principles of productive failure teaching design,and initially constructed the framework of learning scaffolding.Secondly,two iterations of action research were conducted according to the "planning-action-observation and reflection" process,and the problems under the teaching process and scaffolding design were identified,modified and optimized in the teaching practice of graphical programming.By analyzing the results of the pre-and post-tests of students’ computational thinking,the performance on representations and solution methods(RSMs),and the completion of final work,the results indicate that the use of learning scaffolds in teaching graphical programming under productive failure theory promotes students’ computational thinking.Productive failure teaching has certain effect on the generation of RSMs for students,and it is effective in exposing students’ misconceptions and discovering valuable problems,which assists teachers in identifying and correcting students’ misconceptions and mistakes.This study provides some references to the teaching process and learning scaffold design of graphical programming under the concept of productive failure.