The Use Of Productive Failure To Promote Learning In Programming Education

It is found that programming education can cultivate learners' computational thinking and creativity.With the development of artificial intelligence technology,as a long-term development strategy for scientific and technological talents,countries begin to incorporate programming education into the K-12 education.Although programming education is developing rapidly,there are still many problems.In the past programming courses,teachers paid too much attention to whether the learners successfully completed the programming and ignored the learners' learning in failures.This study introduces Productive Failure(PF),hoping to help teachers shift their attention to learners' failed learning experience and help learners transform short-term failed experience into long-term success.In order to solve the problem of low self-efficacy of learners in the process of PF learning design,Peer Instruction(PI)was introduced in this study.This article will examine the following questions:how does PF learning design affect learners'programming performance?Can PI improve learners' self-efficacy in programming courses based on PF learning design?Does PI have an impact on learners' programming performance based on PF learning design?The research methods used in this study include literature analysis,investigation and research,quasi-experimental research and content analysis.Firstly,through literature review,this paper summarizes the research status of PF,self-efficacy and PI at home and abroad.Then,according to relevant research,the study developed a Microbit school-based curriculum based on PF and questionnaires in experiments.The study carried out two rounds of experiments,PF learning design and PI in the context of PF were used as independent variables.The results show that PF learning design leads to the decrease of learners' academic self-efficacy.PF learning design can improve learners' conceptual understanding.In the context of PF,PI can effectively improve learners' academic self-efficacy in the environmental dimension,so as to improve their representations and solution methods diversity(RSM)ability of problems.This study mainly studied the application of PF learning design theory in programming education,aiming to provide some references for programming curriculum in elementary school and collaborative inquiry learning.