Study On The Biomechanical Characteristics Of Isokinetic Muscle Strength And Deep Jump Of Lower Limbs Of Male High Jumpers Of Different Levels

High jump is a project that overcomes gravity to make the body jump up and over the crossbar,the strength of the lower limbs of the high jumper determines the play of sports technology,especially the strength of the centrifugal strength of the lower limbs of the high jumper plays a crucial role in completing the rapid and powerful jump.Therefore,this paper deeply analyzes the characteristics of centrifugal muscle strength of the lower limbs of high jumpers of different levels,and provides scientific theoretical guidance for the improvement of the lower limb strength level of high jumpers in the future.This paper mainly uses the literature method,expert interview method,experimental method and mathematical statistical method(1)by using German ISOMED2000 to perform isokinetic centripetal and centrifugal tests on the three joints of the starting legs of 16 high jumpers,and the test indicators are flexion and extension peak moment value,flexion and extension relative peak moment value,peak moment value flexion and extension ratio,total flexor and extensor work and average power;(2)The depth jump test with different falling heights is carried out through Kislter,and the test indicators include the peak of the vertical reaction force on the ground,the force value of the buffer end time,the landing stage time,the buffer stage time,the pedaling extension stage time and the pedaling extension time/buffer time.The collected data is collated through EXCEL and analyzed using statistical software SPSS26.0 and Origin Pro2021.Among them,the analysis of repeat factor ANOVA processed the isokinetic muscle strength experimental data,and the multiple linear regression fitting analysis between the relative peak moment value data and the special score.One-way ANOVA and independent sample T-test were used to analyze the depth jump data,and the optimal fall height for depth jump training was predicted by quadratic polynomial regression analysis.The results of the study are as follows:1.The peak torque value of the extensor hip joint of the jumping leg and hip joint in the excellent group was greater than that of the ordinary group(P<0.05)at180°/s centripetal and centrifugal 180°/s.The peak moment flex-extension ratio was greater than that of the ordinary group(P<0.05)at centrifugal at 180°/S.The total work was significantly greater than that of the ordinary group(P<0.05)at a centripetal group of 120°/S.2.The peak moment of centrifugation of the extensor knee joint of the starting leg and knee joint in the excellent group was 120°/s centripetal and centrifugal 60°/s,which was greater than that of the ordinary group(p<0.05).The total work of the extensor muscles was significantly greater than that of the ordinary group(p<0.05)at60°/s centripetal and 60°/s.3.The peak torque flexion and extension ratio of the extensor peak of the starting leg and ankle joint of the excellent group was greater than that of the ordinary group(p<0.05)when the centripetal group was 120°/s and centrifugation was 60°/s.The total extensor work was greater than that of the ordinary group(p<0.05)when the extensor muscle was centered at 120°/s and centrifugation was 180°/s.4.The correlation between the relative peak moment value of the starting leg and the special performance in the excellent group was 120°/s centripetal knee extension,ankle centripetal 60°/s flexion,hip centrifugal 180°/s flexion,ankle centripetal 180°/s extension,knee centrifugal 180°/s extension.5 When falling at a height of 60 cm,the peak force peak of the foot stage of the athletes in the excellent group was significantly greater than that of the ordinary group(P<0.01),and the time spent in the cushioning and pedaling phase of the athletes in the excellent group at the height of 45 cm and 60 cm was significantly smaller than that of the ordinary group(P<0.05).6.The optimal drop height range of the excellent group jump depth is60cm～75cm,and the optimal drop height range of the ordinary group is 45cm～60cm.The optimal drop height was predicted by quadratic polynomial regression analysis as0.663 m in the excellent group and 0.521 m in the ordinary group.The conclusions of the study are as follows:1.The centrifugal maximum force and centrifugal rapid force of the hip extensor muscles of the jumping leg in the excellent group were better than those in the ordinary group,and the flexion and extension strength of the hip joint of the jumping leg in the excellent group was more balanced.2.The eccentric force of the knee extensor muscles of the starting legs of the ordinary group was significantly smaller than that of the excellent group,and the stronger the eccentric force of the extensor knee joints,the stability of the knee joint and the strength of the pedaling and extension force during the jump.3.The maximum force of ankle flexion in the ordinary group was less than that in the excellent group,while the maximum muscle strength between the ankle flexor and extensor muscles in the excellent group was more balanced.4.The peak force of athletes in the landing stage increases with the increase of falling height,and the force value at the end of the buffer is a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,and the force value at the end of the buffer is the largest at the optimal falling height.5.The excellent group had a shorter time in the foot landing stage of the deep jump,and the buffer stage and the extension stage time at the optimal descent height,and the excellent group used shorter time.