Research On Employment Effect Of AI Technology

In recent years,with the development of AI technology and its application in all walks of life,the employment effect of AI technology has attracted more and more attention.AI technology can improve productivity,reduce labor costs,improve work efficiency,improve service quality,improve customer experience,and improve enterprise competitiveness.However,it may also lead to the disappearance of some posts,causing "machine replacement" and other panic.This theis first defines the relevant concepts involved in the article,mainly defining three concepts: artificial intelligence,capital-oriented technological progress and labouroriented technological progress.Then it explains the basic theories involved in the article,mainly including the theory of capital organic composition,the theory of industrial reserve and labor market supply and demand,the theory of innovation and business cycle,and the theory of technology-economic paradigm,which lays the theoretical foundation for the later analysis.This theis summarizes the research on the employment effect of AI technology at home and abroad in recent years,and theoretically summarizes the mechanism and four impact paths of AI technology on employment,namely,the allocation of production factors and production efficiency under AI technology,the organization mode of socialized production,the change of skill structure and the adjustment of industrial structure,The employment effect of AI technology is decomposed into quantity effect and quality effect for analysis.For the quantitative effect of AI technology on employment,the provincial panel data of 30provinces(municipalities directly under the Central Government and autonomous regions)in China except Tibet from 2007 to 2019 are used for analysis.The fixed effect model is used to analyze the impact of the development of AI technology on the number of skilled labor in China and the skill structure of labor.As for the quality effect of AI technology on employment,the quality effect of AI technology employment can be comprehensively measured by analyzing the change of work environment,the stability of employment,the organizational structure of enterprises and the relationship between labor and capital.The research shows that:(1)The development of artificial intelligence,the intellectualization and automation of production tools and processes have a significant negative effect on the employment of low-skilled workers,which has produced nearly three times of substitution.(2)The development of AI technology has a significant negative effect on the employment of medium-skilled labor force.At present,the level of AI in China is still at the stage of weak AI.The development of AI technology has little substitution for medium-skilled labor force.With the development of AI technology,the quality of labor force is difficult to keep up with the requirements of technological changes on labor force in the short term,resulting in the mismatch between skills and positions,Some of the mediumskilled workers are squeezed out of jobs,which brings more crowding-out effect,but the degree of negative effect is far less than that of low-skilled workers.(3)The development of artificial intelligence has a significant positive effect on the employment of highly skilled labor force,and the skill structure of China’s labor force employment shows an advanced trend.(4)The development of artificial intelligence technology has spawned a large number of digital,intelligent and information-based new jobs.Among these new jobs and new employment groups,except for a small number of highly skilled professionals with high requirements for knowledge and skills,most of them are flexible employment groups concentrated in the modern service industry.(5)The flexible employment group has flexible working hours and places,which are playing the role of stabilizing the employment pressure and balancing the supply and demand relationship in the human resources market.However,compared with traditional employment,there are problems such as long working hours,weak bargaining power,unstable work,and lack of basic social security.Finally,this theis puts forward policy recommendations for promoting technological progress to better serve the economy and society and achieve high-quality development,combining theory and empirical research.