| The new round of scientific and technological revolution represented by artificial intelligence,while providing technical support and opportunities for reforms for the overall revitalization of the real economy,it also has a huge impact on my country’s labor and employment market and will reshape the labor and employment structure,which has also triggered The panic about "machine substitution" is averted.How to make full use of artificial intelligence and other technological core driving forces while maintaining the stability of the employment structure of the labor market and the coordination with the economic structure has become a problem for social thinking.At present,most of the domestic impacts of artificial intelligence and employment structure remain at the theoretical level.There are also studies focusing on the description of the current situation of artificial intelligence and the trend prediction of its impact on employment.However,there are few documents that deeply explore the development and application of artificial intelligence on the employment structure.The actual impact.Based on this,this article focuses on exploring the actual impact of the development of artificial intelligence on the employment structure of our country on the basis of existing research and proposes corresponding policy recommendations accordingly.In this paper,in collating the relevant theories and research on the impact of artificial intelligence on employment,it is found that the development and application of new technologies such as artificial intelligence will not only produce "employment creation effects",but also "employment substitution effects",and ultimately reshape the employment structure of the labor force.Then,based on Marx’s theory of capital organic composition,Kuznets’ s rule,and the theory of biased technological progress,this paper combs the theoretical mechanism of artificial intelligence influencing the employment structure,and believes that artificial intelligence will promote innovation and technology spillover,and promote the continuity of the consumption structure and industrial structure.Changes will guide the transfer of labor to eventually change the employment structure;it will also adjust the relative prices of factors,change the flexibility of factor substitution and widen the skill premium gap,attract labor to actively improve their cultural level and technical quality,and ultimately change the employment structure.On this basis,this article separately analyzes the current situation of my country’s artificial intelligence development level,employment industry structure and knowledge structure.The research found that: my country’s artificial intelligence development momentum is good;my country’s employment industry structure shows a trend of "concentration";The knowledge structure of employment in our country is showing an "upgrading" trend as a whole.The abovementioned theoretical mechanism and current analysis show that there is a certain correlation between the development of artificial intelligence and the evolution of employment structure.Based on the theoretical mechanism and analysis of the status quo,this article constructs a relevant mathematical model and uses my country’s time series data from2001 to 2017 to empirically test the impact of artificial intelligence on my country’s employment structure.The results show that:(1)The development and application of artificial intelligence will reduce the proportion of employees in my country’s primary and secondary industries,and increase the proportion of employees in the tertiary industry.Overall,the development and application of new technologies such as artificial intelligence will accelerate my country’s The labor force is concentrated in the service industry;(2)The development and application of artificial intelligence will cause my country’s employment structure to show an "upgrading" trend,that is,the popularization and large-scale application of artificial intelligence will cause the proportion of labor with only basic education to decrease,and The proportion of the labor force with secondary and higher education levels has increased.The policy enlightenment of this article is: Based on the basic national conditions of the primary stage of socialism,on the one hand,in the context of the continuous advancement of intelligent development and the unstoppable upgrading of the industrial structure,the government should take the initiative to grasp the industrial and industry choices of employees.,And improve and perfect the service policy and employment system to reduce structural unemployment caused by market failure.On the other hand,the state should continue to substantially increase funding support for various types of education,especially the economic investment in secondary and higher education.At the same time,it should quickly adjust and optimize the higher education system so that it can quickly match the development of artificial intelligence.Adaptation in turn contributes to the sustained,stable and high-quality development of the economy. |
