Political Economics Analysis Of The Impact Of Artificial Intelligence On Labor Employment

Artificial intelligence(AI)is an important driving force of the fourth technological revolution,and countries are stepping up plans to seize technological opportunities.The government work report told us to strengthen the research and application of AI in 2019 and emphasized to develop the industrial Internet and promote intelligent manufacturing in 2020.Actually,AI has risen to a national strategic plan.It is true that AI can improve production efficiency,but it also leads to unemployment.Therefore,we need to dialectically understand the impact of AI on employment,take advantage of strengths and avoid weaknesses,and implement precise policies.Regarding the impact of AI on labor employment,many scholars have conducted multiangle research on it,but what impact will AI have on employment? How does it work? There hasn’t yet been a unified conclusion.This article attempts to study the impact of AI on labor employment from the perspective of Marx’s political economy.First,this article analyzes the current development of AI and its impact on employment,and explores the nature of AI.Secondly,it analyzes the mechanism of AI on labor employment based on the theory of capital organic composition and the machine view.Thirdly,it analyzes the employment structure changes from the two aspects of labor demand and supply.Finally,it uses the panel data of 30 provinces from 2008 to 2017 and test the impact of AI on employment through a fixed-effect model.The research results show that AI will affect the amount of employment by increasing the organic composition of capital,including substitution and compensation mechanisms.On the other hand,AI is an advanced machine that not only excludes,but also compensates workers.At present,AI will increase the number of labor employment.In addition,AI will increase the demand for creative,emotional,skilled,and female laborers.Currently,the overall supply quality of domestic laborers isn’t high and doesn’t fit the demand structure.However,the labor force industry structure will become more and more reasonable.The empirical results also show that AI will continuously optimize the structure,increase the demand for medium and highskilled labor,and reduce the demand for low-skilled labor.Based on the above conclusions,in order to achieve higher quality employment,this paper puts forward four suggestions,including strengthening the application of artificial intelligence,refining vocational skills training,deepening the adjustment of the industrial structure,and optimizing the unemployment protection system.