Motivation, Identification And Behavior: An Investigation Of Organizational Citizenship Behavior During Internships Of Tourism Major

Because of the practical characteristics of tourism major,practice has become an indispensable session in the talent training.However,one puzzling phenomenon is that a large proportion of interns lose their enthusiasm for their majors after internship.The reason is that students are not satisfied with the internship work itself and the insufficient incentive means commonly found in tourism internship firms.Although interns are able to complete work tasks,negative out-of-role behaviors emerge.Therefore,how to improve the identity and organizational citizenship behavior of tourism interns has become a practical problem that needs to be solved urgently.Prior studies have discussed the motivation of interns in tourism industry,but most of these studies did not distinguish the differences of the effects of different incentive types(e.g.hygiene factors like material incentives and growth factors of the work itself)on interns’ behavior and the boundary conditions.In addition,most of the studies focus on incentives’ effects on interns’ job satisfaction,and less is known about the path and boundary conditions of incentives’ impact on interns’ behaviors.Therefore,based on the two factor theory,this study divides the incentives into hygiene factors and growth factors.Based on the survey of interns in tourism industry,this study tries to explore the impact mechanism of hygiene factors and growth factors on the organizational citizenship behavior in the internship process.Specifically,three research questions will be answered:1.What are the effects of hygiene factors and growth factors on interns’ organizational citizenship behavior? 2.What are the paths by which hygiene factors and growth factors affect the organizational citizenship behavior? 3.What are the boundary conditions of hygiene factors and growth factors’ effects on the organizational citizenship behavior?From the perspectives of self-determination theory and social exchange theory,this paper constructs a theoretical model illustrating the relationships between hygiene factors,growth factors and organizational citizenship behavior.Based on the first hand data collected from different colleges and universities across the whole country,this study empirically tests the hypotheses using AMOS,SPSS,PROCESS.The results show that firstly,hygiene factors have no direct impact on organizational citizenship behavior,while growth factors have a positive impact on interns’ organizational citizenship behavior.Secondly,the organizational identity and team identity dimensions of role identity play a mediating role in the relationship between hygiene factors and organizational citizenship behavior,while professional identity,innovator identity and work identity dimensions have no mediating effects in the relationship between hygiene factors and organizational citizenship behavior.Thirdly,unlike interns who practice centralized,for interns who practice independently,hygiene factors can improve their organizational citizenship behavior.Relative to interns with male leaders,the flexible power of female leaders in the process of internship can stimulate higher level of organizational citizenship behavior for the same level of hygiene factors and growth factors.The contributions of this research are as follows: first,this study focuses on a labor-intensive tourism industry to explore the relationship between different types of incentives and organizational citizenship behavior,thus can enrich the application of the two-factor theory.Secondly,by testing the mediating roles of different dimensions of role identity,this study untangles the impact mechanism of hygiene factors and growth factors on organizational citizenship behavior.Finally,this study adds new evidence that to what extent do hygiene factors and growth factors affect interns’ organizational citizenship behavior by suggesting the moderating effects of interns’ type and female leadership.The findings could provide important implications for tourism management program to optimize the training mode,and for firms to enhance interns’ organizational citizenship behavior.