| On March 18,2019,General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech at the symposium of teachers of ideological and political theory courses in schools,pointing out that to promote the reform and innovation of ideological and political theory courses(hereinafter referred to as ideological and political courses),“it is necessary to adhere to the unity of indoctrination and inspiration”.At present,the research on indoctrination and inspiration in the field of ideological and political education has achieved fruitful results.To achieve the integration of the two is the need to improve the effectiveness of ideological and political teaching and the development of ideological and political education.But as far as practical teaching is concerned,there is still a gap between what is and what it should be.In practical teaching,there are still problems such as “hard instillation” and “dry inspiration”,which makes the teaching effectiveness not high.An important reason is that the indoctrination and inspiration have not been unified.How to correctly understand indoctrination,inspiration and their interrelations,and how to effectively combine the two,has become an important issue that needs to be solved in the teaching reform of ideological and political courses.Looking at the past and present,the research on the educational process can be divided into two types: one is teaching/receiving teaching,which is characterized by the transfer of knowledge between teachers and students;the other is problem/exploratory teaching,which is characterized by teacher guidance and students actively explore the way to acquire knowledge.Indoctrination and inspiration are representatives of two types of teaching,which have different characteristics and scope of action,and each has advantages and disadvantages.In real teaching,there is no absolute indoctrination and no absolute inspiration.People see more a combination of indoctrination and inspiration in varying degrees.In view of this,combined with the connotation of Max Weber’s “ideal type”,indoctrination-heuristic teaching can be proposed.“Ideal type” reveal the connection between ideals and reality,and can be used to examine social phenomena in reality.Along this line of thought,indoctrination-heuristic teaching is a rational understanding and reflection on indoctrination teaching and heuristic teaching.At the same time,taking indoctrination-heuristic teaching as a reference standard and taking care of practical teaching with ideal vision is a new perspective for ideological and political teaching research.This paper combines theoretical research with empirical research.First,construct the theoretical framework of indoctrination-heuristic teaching.On the one hand,it explains the connotation of indoctrination and indoctrination teaching,heuristic and heuristic teaching,and proposes indoctrination-heuristic teaching based on the “ideal type”.Indoctrination-heuristic teaching represents an ideal teaching state,which means that indoctrination and heuristics have been unified.On the other hand,starting from the five teaching elements of knowledge view,student view,teaching content,teacherstudent relationship,and teaching method,compare indoctrination teaching,heuristic teaching and indoctrination-heuristic teaching,and further explain the meaning of indoctrination-heuristic teaching.Secondly,carry out empirical research around the current situation of indoctrination and inspiration in the teaching of ideological and political courses.Taking the teaching of “Ideological and Morality and Rule of Law”(hereinafter referred to as the “Morality and Law” Course)as the research object,the research is carried out by means of natural observation,questionnaire survey,in-depth interview and other methods.Empirical analysis found that there is still a large distance between the actual teaching state and the ideal teaching vision.In practical teaching,the current situation of indoctrination and inspiration presents the following characteristics: more theoretical indoctrination,less inspiration and guidance;more classroom lectures,less student participation;more knowledge imparting,less ideological exchange.Finally,explore the practical path of constructing indoctrination-heuristic teaching in the “Morality and Law” Course in colleges and universities.Combining theoretical research and empirical research,starting from five teaching elements,this paper explores and analyzes the measures to unify indoctrination and inspiration in the teaching of the“Morality and Law” Course : establish a new concept of knowledge,pay attention to the parallel of “learning” and “thinking”;change the old concept of students,adhere to the unity of commonality and individuality;improve the teaching content,promote theory into the mind and heart;optimize the dominant-subject teacher-student relationship to achieve teaching mutual learning;coordinate a variety of teaching methods to promote the complementarity of single teaching and diversified teaching. |
