| At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,social turmoil and numerous wars led to a sharp decline in the population of Sichuan and a barren land.During the prosperous era of Kang Qian,with the trend of "filling Sichuan with lakes",a large number of displaced people poured into Sichuan,reclaiming land and breaking the wasteland.The population boom brought chaos in social order,unbalanced policies,and serious rebellions,forcing the people to form villages to protect themselves.Due to large-scale turmoil such as the White Lotus Uprising during the Jiaqing period and the Li Lan Uprising in the same year of Xian,the number of civil forts built in Sichuan reached its peak.According to the administrative division and geographical location,Sichuan can be divided into four regions: eastern Sichuan,western Sichuan,northern Sichuan and southern Sichuan.In the Qing Dynasty,the southern Sichuan region was relatively stable,coupled with the special historical background and economic factors of the southern Sichuan region at that time,the terrain was mainly hilly and mountainous,suitable for building defense facilities,and many villagers and gentry used the mountains as a base to build fortifications for self-defense.The fort in southern Sichuan is highly defensive and has unique regional characteristics,some typical,large walled forts are well preserved and have high historical research value.The walled fort is a closed facility for military defense in the cold weapon period,and most of the academic circles are generally divided into three categories according to their nature: official villages,civilian villages,and thief villages.Through the research and analysis of typical walled forts,the author classifies the walled forts according to their area and is divided into large villages,medium villages and small villages.In the historical documents,the records of the walled forts in the southern Sichuan region are mainly built by the people’s villages,and most of them are presided over by local squires,villagers,merchants and clans.It can not only avoid thieves and wars,but also provide daily life for villagers.The Qing Dynasty Walled Fort in the southern Sichuan region is an old photo of the society at that time,starting from the overview of the walled fort,it discusses the reasons for the turmoil,migration and migration,economic development,wartime policy support and other factors that promoted the rise of the walled fort in southern Sichuan.The author selected six typical Qing Dynasty walled forts in southern Sichuan for detailed field investigation and recorded the relevant data of the remains of the walled forts.According to the typical walled fort,the types of walled forts in southern Sichuan were explored,and the typological analysis and research were mainly carried out based on the area and nature of the walled forts,and the different functions of the walled forts,such as military functions,living functions,and management functions,were studied.Different from the military castle of Songmeng Mountain City,the walled fort not only has military defense functions,but also has the functions of daily production and life,as well as a unique walled fortress management and selection and appointment system for walled castle chiefs.The chief of the wall,as the core of the wall,presided over the management of wartime and daily affairs of the walled fort,and played a key role in the maintenance and use of the walled fort.Today,many precious Qing Dynasty walled forts have been preserved in the southern Sichuan region,some of which have become cultural protection units,or natural villages,or tourist attractions,or abandoned and abandoned.The Qing Dynasty Walled Fort in southern Sichuan has historical,military and cultural value,and is an important material material for studying the history of the Qing Dynasty,and its protection and utilization should be strengthened to dig out more historical research value. |
