A Comparative Study On The Negative Sentences In The Letters From The Warring States Strategists And The Strategies Of The Warring States

Grammar research is divided into two parts: word division and syntax.Lexical research includes the classification and composition of words,while syntax research includes phrases,sentence structure,sentence composition rules,and sentence pattern types.Negative sentences,as a common linguistic phenomenon in ancient and modern times,occupy an important position in communication.The study of negative sentences needs to be carried out from the perspectives of negative words and negative sentence patterns.The Letters from the Warring States Strategists(战国纵横家书)is an unearthed document,which does not have issues such as content changes that are prone to occur during the dissemination process.It can better reflect the original appearance of language and characters than the handed down documents that have been copied for a long time.As a handed down document,The Warring States Strategy(战国策)has undergone significant changes in the appearance of language after several rounds of dissemination and correction,reflecting some laws of language evolution.A comprehensive collation of the negative sentences in the two documents,followed by a detailed comparison of negative words,sentence patterns,and other aspects,can not only provide us with a preliminary understanding of the basic situation of the two negative systems,discover some changes in the development of Chinese negative sentences,but also provide some new reference materials for the study of Chinese grammar.The study of negative sentences in this article is mainly divided into five parts.The first part is an introduction.This section mainly introduces the background and significance of the topic,research materials,research status,research methods,criteria for judging negative sentences,and the use of symbols.The second part is a study on the classification and description of negative words.This section conducts a descriptive study from the perspectives of the number of occurrences,distribution,part of speech,grammatical function,semantic function,pragmatic function of some negative words,and object formation,and summarizes the research conclusions after each section.The third part is a study on the classification and description of negative sentence patterns.This section uses negative words as a category of markers,and divides the negative sentence patterns in the two documents into general negative sentence patterns and special negative sentence patterns according to certain criteria.Then,the general sentence patterns are divided into five categories: "negative word+VP","negative word+AP","negative word+NP","negative word+auxiliary verb+VP","negative word+preposition/pronoun",and "negative word+other structures".The special sentence patterns are divided into five categories: "sentence patterns with questions","sentence patterns with multiple negative words," sentence patterns with modal particles," Object prepositive sentence" and "object omitted sentence patterns",And analyze and summarize the number and characteristics of all sentence patterns.The fourth part is a comparative study of negative sentences.Combining the contents of the second and third parts,this section conducts a detailed comparative study of the negative sentences in Letters from The Warring States Strategists(战国纵横家书)and The Warring States Strategies(战国策)from the perspectives of negative words and sentence patterns.After comparison,we believe that there is a high similarity in the negative system between The Letters from the Warring States Strategists(战国纵横家书)and The Warring States Strategies(战国策).However,overall,negative system in The Warring States Strategies(战国策)is more abundant from the perspective of words and sentence structures,reflecting the development and changes of Chinese negation sentences.In the fifth part,by combing the research results of the academic community related to the two,and combining the previous research conclusions,we have conducted a textual research on the relationship between The Letters from the Warring States Strategists(战国纵横家书)and The Warring States Strategies(战国策).We believe that the original materials of The Letters from the Warring States Strategists(战国纵横家书)and The Warring States Strategies(战国策)should be similar writings from the same period,and both were compiled through secondary compilation.In addition,we have also analyzed the reasons for the differences in the negative system between The Letters from the Warring States Strategists(战国纵横家书)and The Warring States Strategies(战国策).Finally,we believe that the reasons for the differences mainly come from two aspects:one is the changes made by Liu Xiang when collating The Warring States Strategies(战国策),and the other is the changes made by later generations during the circulation of the version of The Warring States Strategies(战国策).This article makes full use of the authenticity of unearthed documents and the popularity of handed down documents.In the research process,it emphasizes the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis,and basically presents the features of the two negative systems and the differences between them in a more detailed manner.The conclusions obtained have certain reference value for the study of Chinese grammar.